Updated September 29, 2026Companies & fundsEstate planning

Succession Planning: Wills, Multi-Jurisdiction & Forced Heirship

Maria Plotnikova · Lawyer, Family Office

Succession planning is a project executed during the owner's lifetime: while the testator is alive, they choose the applicable law, the distribution of capital and the tax route. After death, those choices are made by the laws of every country where assets sit and by the courts applying them. The default scenario for an international family is well documented: each country runs its own intestacy rules with its own classes of heirs, the estate splits into movable and immovable parts, forced heirship rewrites the will after the fact, and accounts stay frozen until every procedure closes.

A working plan comes down to four decisions: which law governs the succession, which structure holds the assets, where and how much the heirs will pay, and who runs the transfer under which procedure. Succession is also only one branch of the family perimeter: how it connects to the matrimonial regime, the prenup and divorce is mapped in the family cluster.

Concept

Succession law leaves no vacuum anywhere. Where there are no dispositions, intestacy applies: each country decides for itself who inherits and in what share. Where there is a will, it passes through checks: forced heirship of civil law systems, formal validity requirements, recognition abroad. Where assets sit in three countries, there are three procedures: probate on the English model, notarial administration in continental Europe, the Russian notary under its own rules — each with its own timelines and paperwork.

Planning answers the same questions in advance and in a convenient order. First, the applicable law is fixed where a choice is available. Second, the holder of the assets is selected: from a simple will to a trust, a foundation or an insurance wrapper. Third, the tax route is calculated for every jurisdiction of assets and heirs. Finally, the process is written down: executors, documents, access. A strong plan survives relocation and the sale of a business; a weak one goes stale at the first major family event.

Instruments

The diagram below shows where things go on death: the estate runs through a procedure, a trust or foundation is taken out of it in advance, and a policy pays direct.

Diagram

Wills — and why there are usually several

A will covers everything left outside structures and appoints an executor. With assets in several countries, practice uses situs wills: a separate document for each asset country, drawn in the local form and language, with an express clause on parallel operation — the standard formula "I revoke all previous wills" in one document can destroy the others. The limits of the instrument are equally well known: a will is subject to forced heirship, goes through probate or notarial administration with their timelines and publicity, and suits poorly assets that need management for decades after the owner's death.

Trusts

A common law construction: assets pass to a trustee who holds them for the beneficiaries on the terms of the trust deed. For succession, one property is decisive — trust assets leave the settlor's future estate during their lifetime: no probate, no pause in management, distribution terms running for generations. The mechanics are in trust basics; the allocation of control in the breakdown of trustee and protector. The tax cost of settling and running a trust is calculated separately for each pairing of jurisdictions: trusts and inheritance taxes. Civil law courts recognise trusts unevenly, so families with continental assets and beneficiaries often prefer a foundation.

Private foundations

The civil law answer to the trust is the foundation: a legal entity without members that owns the assets directly, with charter and regulations defining who gets paid and when. Jurisdictions are compared in the overview of private foundations; the classic forms are the Liechtenstein Stiftung and the Panama Private Interest Foundation. A foundation works where trust recognition is doubtful and for long-horizon tasks: family capital, business stakes, philanthropic programmes.

The Russian toolkit

Since 1 June 2019 Russian law has had the inheritance contract (Art. 1140.1 of the Civil Code) — notarised terms of transfer agreed with future heirs — and the joint will of spouses. One material caveat: the testator may unilaterally withdraw from an inheritance contract at any time upon notice to the parties, so resting an entire plan on the contract alone is risky.

The personal fund (Art. 123.20-4 of the Civil Code) is a lifetime structure for a business and a portfolio: assets contributed at creation must be worth at least RUB 100 million at market value, and the founding resolution is notarised; the hereditary fund under the same chapter is created by a notary after death under the will, and the threshold does not apply to it. The limiter of any Russian plan is the forced share (Art. 1149): minor and disabled close relatives are guaranteed at least half of their intestate share, while a beneficiary of a hereditary fund chooses between fund-beneficiary status and the forced share (Art. 1149(5)).

Insurance wrappers

A life insurance policy pays the beneficiary named in the contract — in most jurisdictions the money arrives quickly and bypasses the succession procedure. Hence two roles: life insurance in wealth transfer covers family liquidity and tax bills, while PPLI holds an investment portfolio inside the policy with deferred taxation and a pre-defined transfer. The policy's treatment depends on the residence of the owner and of the beneficiary: in some countries the payout is taxed, in others the policy falls into the estate — checking both ends is mandatory.

Prenups and matrimonial property

Before succession, the estate is divided by the spouses' property regime: the survivor's share is carved out first under the applicable matrimonial property law, and only the remainder passes to the heirs. In the EU the applicable law of the regime is set by Regulations 2016/1103 and 2016/1104 — applied since 29 January 2019 in the member states taking part in enhanced cooperation: the default is the law of the first common habitual residence after the marriage, and a choice of law in a marital agreement synchronises the matrimonial and succession plans.

Outside the regulations the mutability problem appears: in Switzerland the couple's relocation by itself changes the default regime, sometimes retroactively. A regime audit and a cross-border prenup are step zero of a succession plan. The matrimonial regimes matrix, the prenup matrix and the divorce forum matrix run on the same fourteen countries as the succession map below, so one family can be read across all three layers.

Joint ownership

Joint tenancy with right of survivorship moves the deceased's share to the co-owner automatically, bypassing the will and probate — a working technique for family real estate and accounts in common law countries. The limits are strict: the construction exists only under the law of the asset's location, civil law registries generally ignore it, it removes no tax liabilities by itself, and it offers no shelter from forced shares or creditors. A joint account "just in case" cannot count as a plan: the bank applies its own law and freezes the account until every heir proves their rights.

Instruments compared

Each instrument above solves one task well and several badly. The matrix reads across the questions a cross-border plan asks of every holder of assets: whether it takes the asset out of probate, whether it survives a reserve, whether a continental court and tax office will see it as the owner, and what it costs in control and money.

Instrument	Main task	Bypasses probate	Defeats the reserve	Recognition in civil law	Attribution and CFC risk (RU, IT, DE)	Control retained	Cost and horizon
Will and situs wills	Everything left outside structures; executors; guardians	No — it is the entry ticket to probate or the notary	No; it operates inside the free quota	Full; local form under Hague 1961 on form	None	Full until death	Low; revisited at every family event
Trust	Multi-generation holding, incapacity, creditor and probate avoidance for common-law assets	Yes for settled assets	Only in firewall jurisdictions and only against clawback-free laws; France, Italy, Switzerland claw back	Uneven: recognised in Italy, Switzerland, Cyprus; no domestic trust in Spain or Portugal; not recognised in Germany, Russia, Kazakhstan	High: Russian CFC rules, Italian interposition, German § 15 AStG attribute income to the settlor or beneficiaries	Low by design; protector and reserved powers within limits	Medium to high; decades
Private foundation	Continental family capital, business stakes, philanthropy	Yes for endowed assets	Same clawback exposure as a trust, but a legal person a civil-law registry accepts	High: Liechtenstein, Panama, ADGM and DIFC foundations are legal entities	High: treated as a CFC in Russia, attributed under § 15 AStG in Germany, interposed in Italy if the founder keeps control	Medium: founder rights and board seats in the charter	Medium to high; indefinite
Russian personal fund	Russian business and portfolio under Russian law	Yes for contributed assets	No: a beneficiary chooses between fund status and the reserve (art. 1149(5))	Full in Russia; a foreign court sees an ordinary legal entity	Taxed in Russia as a Russian organisation	High through the founder's charter rights	From RUB 100M of assets; indefinite
Life insurance and PPLI	Liquidity for tax and debts; portfolio wrapper with deferred tax	Yes — pays the named beneficiary	Partly: under Italy's art. 1920 the named beneficiary acquires an own right to the payout	High: an insurance contract is recognised everywhere; the wrapper is tested for substance	Low for compliant policies; Russian residents report a foreign insurer's policy as a foreign asset where required	Policyholder keeps investment choice within the insurer's rules	Low to medium; matches the life of the insured
Prenup and matrimonial agreement	Fixing the survivor's share before the estate is computed; choice of law on both axes	Not applicable	Indirectly: it changes what enters the estate; in Germany and France a waiver of the reserve can travel with it (Pflichtteilsverzicht, RAAR separately)	Full in the EU under Regulation 2016/1103; fairness filters in England and Russia	None	Shared between spouses	Low; signed before or during marriage
Lifetime gift	Using allowances early; moving assets out of a high-tax estate	Yes for the gifted asset	No: clawback in France, Italy, Switzerland (gifts in the last 5 years, art. 527 ZGB), Germany (10-year taper), Spain, Portugal	Full	None, but gift tax where it exists and look-back periods of 7 (UK), 10 (Germany) and 15 (France) years	None once made, unless usufruct is reserved	Low; irreversible
Usufruct and démembrement	Passing bare ownership cheaply while keeping income and use	Yes for the bare ownership already transferred	No; counts as a gift for reserve purposes	Native in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland; unknown to English and Russian registries	None	Income and occupation for life	Low; ends on death of the usufructuary
Joint ownership with survivorship	Family home and accounts in common-law countries	Yes where the law of the asset knows survivorship	No	Not recognised by continental registries and banks, which freeze until every heir proves title	None	Shared	Nil; fragile on relocation
Holding company	Consolidating a business and real estate into shares that pass under one law	No — shares still pass through probate or the notary of the shareholder's law	No; the shares are estate	Full	CFC in Russia above thresholds; UK IHT looks through offshore companies holding UK homes since 2017	High through governance	Medium; indefinite

Read against the map below, the matrix gives the standard pairings. Where the heirs and the assets sit in common-law countries — the UK, the US, Cyprus, Israel, the DIFC — the trust does most of the work and the will covers the remainder. Where they sit in France, Germany, Spain, Portugal or Italy, a foundation or an insurance wrapper replaces the trust, lifetime gifts are planned inside the clawback windows, and the reserve is negotiated by contract where the law allows it. Where they sit in Russia or Kazakhstan, the plan is built asset by asset: a personal fund for the Russian part, situs wills for real estate, and no expectation that a foreign structure will be treated as the owner at home.

Which law applies

In the EU, conflicts are reduced to one rule. Regulation 650/2012 (Brussels IV) applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015: the default is the law of the country of the last habitual residence — one law for the entire estate, foreign parts included. The main planning tool sits in Art. 22: a will may subject the succession to the law of the country of nationality, third-country nationality included.

Denmark and Ireland do not apply the Regulation and keep their own private international law. Heirs get the European Certificate of Succession — a single document of status and powers that works across all participating states. The detailed mechanics are in the breakdown of applicable law; the link to domicile and residence is covered separately.

Freedom of testation is distributed unevenly. England and Wales, most US states, Singapore and Hong Kong set no forced shares for children: the testator distributes capital freely, and the court can only award maintenance to dependants — in England under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975.

Continental Europe reserves shares: in France children are entitled to between one half and three quarters of the estate (Art. 913 of the Code civil), in Spain the general legítima is joined by regional foral regimes, and Italy and Germany keep reserves of their own. Switzerland set the direction of reform: since 1 January 2023 the children's reserved share is down to one half of the statutory entitlement and the parents' reserve is abolished. The reserve of every reference jurisdiction, with the intestacy rule, the choice-of-law mechanism and the tax next to it, is in the fourteen-jurisdiction map below; the size of each reserve, the clawback windows and the lifetime waivers are compared in forced heirship. The reserve follows the applicable law, so relocation or an Art. 22 choice changes it too — regularly the main motive behind the choice itself.

The Russian conflict rule creates no single estate: under Art. 1224 of the Civil Code, movables pass under the law of the country of the last place of residence, immovables under the law of their location, and immovables entered in Russian state registers always under Russian law. For a "Russia + Europe" family the split is guaranteed: the law chosen under Regulation 650/2012 will be applied by Spain to its part of the estate, while a Moscow flat goes through the Russian notary under the Civil Code. Russian law has no choice-of-law mechanism on the Art. 22 model, so the plan is built from the assets: each part of the estate gets its own document and its own procedure.

A separate category is jurisdictions with parallel regimes for foreigners. In the UAE, non-Muslims can register a will with the DIFC Courts Wills Service, established in 2014 and reaffirmed by Dubai Law No. 15 of 2017 on the estates and wills of non-Muslims in Dubai; the DIFC Courts Wills Registry holds those wills and handles their probate. The same law also provides for a register of non-Muslim wills at the Dubai Courts (art. 6), and the ADGM Courts run their own wills service.

Singapore imposes no forced shares but expects its own set of documents, and a will covers only a third of the job.

Document	Statute	When it operates
Will	Wills Act 1838	After death
Lasting Power of Attorney	Mental Capacity Act 2008	During life, on loss of capacity
Advance Medical Directive	Advance Medical Directive Act 1996	During life

The will substitutes for neither of the other two: without an LPA the assets freeze while the owner is alive and incapable, and a court-appointed deputy decides in their place.

Succession by country: the fourteen-jurisdiction map

The map covers the twelve jurisdictions of the interactive succession navigator — Russia, the UAE, Cyprus, the UK, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, Israel, the US and Kazakhstan — plus Italy and China, which have their own country pages; the same set runs through the divorce and prenup navigators, the inheritance tax map and the family matrices on matrimonial regimes, prenups and divorce fora. The first table holds the legal axes — who inherits without a will, what the reserve takes, how much freedom the testator keeps, whether the applicable law can be chosen and whether a trust survives contact with the local court. The second holds the cost and the process.

Jurisdiction	Intestacy (no will)	Forced share	Freedom of testation and workarounds	Choice of law (Reg. 650/2012 art. 22 and analogues)	Trust recognition
England and Wales	Spouse: chattels, £322,000 statutory legacy and half the rest; children share the other half (SI 2023/758)	None; reasonable provision for spouse, children, dependants under the 1975 Act	Full; the only limit is a 1975 Act claim, with a six-year anti-avoidance reach over dispositions (s. 10)	Outside 650/2012: movables by domicile, immovables by situs; an art. 22 choice made by a UK national is honoured by EU states	Native; Hague 1985 party since 1992
United States	State statutes; spouse and descendants; community-property states split the marital half first	None for children (Louisiana: children under 24 or incapable, 1/4 or 1/2); surviving spouse's elective share, typically about one third	Full; revocable living trust, TOD/POD designations and joint tenancy take assets out of probate	Outside 650/2012: movables by domicile, immovables by situs; no general professio juris	Native; every state
France	Descendants first; spouse chooses usufruct of the whole or 1/4 in ownership; a PACS partner does not inherit	Children 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 (art. 913); spouse 1/4 where there are no descendants (art. 914-1)	Only the quotité disponible; assurance-vie outside the estate, donation-partage, démembrement, RAAR	650/2012, art. 22	Hague Convention signatory only, not in force
Spain	Children, then ascendants, then spouse, then siblings, then the state; the spouse holds a usufruct alongside	Descendants 2/3 under the Código Civil (1/3 estricta + 1/3 mejora); Catalonia 1/4 in cash, Navarre symbolic, Basque Country 1/3 collective	1/3 libre disposición; mejora, spousal usufruct, life insurance outside the estate; waiver of a future legítima is void (art. 816)	650/2012, art. 22; which internal law applies follows vecindad civil	Not a Hague party; no domestic trust
Italy	Spouse and children (spouse 1/2 with one child, 1/3 with several), then ascendants and siblings	Legittima for spouse, children and, absent children, parents: one child 1/2, two or more 2/3; spouse 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4	Quota disponibile; patto di famiglia (art. 768-bis), trust interno, polizza vita (art. 1920); a waiver before death is void (art. 557)	650/2012, art. 22	Hague party since 1.1.1992; trust interno recognised, legittima preserved (Convention art. 15)
Germany	Spouse 1/4 alongside descendants, plus 1/4 as Zugewinn under § 1371 in the default regime; children share the rest (§§ 1924, 1931 BGB)	Pflichtteil for descendants, spouse and parents: half the statutory share, as a money claim (§ 2303 BGB)	Full subject to the Pflichtteil; Pflichtteilsverzicht (§ 2346), gifts with a ten-year taper (§ 2325), Erbvertrag, Berliner Testament	650/2012, art. 22; the public-policy exception of art. 35 remains available to German courts	Not a Hague party; no recognition; foundation and trust income attributed under § 15 AStG
Switzerland	Descendants; spouse 1/2 with descendants, 3/4 with the parental line, everything if neither (Art. 457–462 ZGB)	Half the statutory share for descendants and the spouse or registered partner (Art. 471, since 1.1.2023); parents' reserve abolished	Free quota of 1/2 with descendants; Erbvertrag, Erbverzicht (Art. 495), usufruct to the spouse (Art. 473)	PILA Art. 90–91 (revised 1.1.2025): last domicile; by will or contract any nationality law may be chosen; Swiss citizens stay bound by Swiss reserves	Hague party since 1.7.2007 (PILA Art. 149a ff.); no domestic trust
Portugal	Spouse and descendants, then spouse and ascendants, then siblings and collaterals to the 4th degree, then the state	Legítima for spouse, descendants, ascendants: 2/3 with spouse and children; one child alone 1/2, two or more 2/3; spouse alone 1/2 (arts. 2157–2161)	Quota disponível 1/3–1/2; inofficious gifts reduced; succession agreements prohibited save narrow exceptions; spouses may reciprocally renounce forced-heir status in a prenup only under a separation-of-property regime (art. 1700(1)(c), (3) CC, Lei 48/2018)	650/2012, art. 22	Not a Hague party; no general domestic trust law
Cyprus	Spouse takes a child's share alongside children, 1/2 alongside parents or relatives to the 3rd degree (Cap. 195 s. 44)	Statutory portion: the disposable part is capped at 1/4 with spouse and child, 1/2 with spouse or a parent only (Cap. 195 s. 41)	1/4–1/2 disposable; lifetime settlement into a Cyprus international trust; life insurance	650/2012, art. 22	Hague party since 1.6.2017; International Trusts Law 69(I)/1992, amended in 2012
Israel	Spouse: household chattels, including the car, plus 1/2 alongside children or parents, 2/3 alongside siblings or grandparents (in that case also the deceased's share of a home they shared after three years of marriage); children share the rest (Succession Law 1965 s. 11)	None; maintenance from the estate for spouse, children and parents (ss. 56–65)	Full	s. 137: law of the deceased's domicile at death; immovables by situs where that law so requires (s. 138)	Domestic Trust Law 1979; not a Hague party
Russia	Eight classes; first — children, spouse, parents in equal shares (art. 1142); the spouse's marital half is carved out first	At least 1/2 of the intestate share for minor or disabled children, disabled spouse and parents, dependants (art. 1149)	Will, joint spousal will, inheritance contract (art. 1140.1), personal fund from RUB 100M; no lifetime waiver of the reserve	No choice: art. 1224 — movables by last residence, immovables by situs, Russian-registered immovables always under Russian law	Not recognised; a trust is a structure without legal personality under CFC rules
Kazakhstan	First class — children, spouse, parents in equal shares (art. 1061), then further classes	At least 1/2 of the intestate share for minor or disabled children, disabled spouse and parents (art. 1069)	Will; no waiver mechanism; AIFC trusts and foundations for assets inside the AIFC	Art. 1121: last permanent residence, or the law of nationality chosen in the will; immovables and registered property by situs (art. 1123)	Not recognised in general law; AIFC Trust Regulations inside the centre only
UAE	UAE personal status rules by default; a non-Muslim can displace them with a registered DIFC or ADGM will	A non-Muslim's registered DIFC will distributes assets on its own terms (Dubai Law No. 15 of 2017)	DIFC or ADGM registered wills with their own probate	—	DIFC Trust Law 2018 and ADGM foundations; onshore Federal Decree-Law 31/2023 on trusts
China	Spouse's community half carved out; first order — spouse, children, parents in equal shares; second — siblings, grandparents (Civil Code Book Six)	None in the European sense; a necessary portion only for an heir unable to work and without income (art. 1141)	Broad; the last valid will prevails (no notarial priority since 2021); testamentary trust (art. 1133); life insurance; offshore structures for foreign assets	Law on the Application of Law 2010 art. 31: movables by habitual residence, immovables by situs	Domestic Trust Law 2001; the 1985 Hague Trusts Convention applies in the Hong Kong SAR only (HCCH); SAFE currency controls on cross-border transfers

The same fourteen jurisdictions — what the transfer costs and how it runs.

Jurisdiction	Inheritance tax	Gift tax	Procedure	Statutory deadline	Detail
England and Wales	IHT 40% above £325,000, plus £175,000 residence band; long-term residence test since 6.4.2025	Potentially exempt transfers: out of the estate after 7 years, taper from year 3; £3,000 a year	Grant of probate or letters of administration (HMCTS); executor collects and distributes	IHT payable by the end of the sixth month after the month of death	UK intestacy, trusts and IHT
United States	Estate tax up to 40%; $15M exclusion in 2026 (OBBBA); non-residents — US-situs assets above $60,000	Unified with the estate tax; $19,000 annual exclusion per donee (2026), $194,000 to a non-citizen spouse	Probate in the state court; Form 706 or 706-NA to the IRS	Form 706 / 706-NA within 9 months of death	US intestacy, US estate tax
France	Direct line 5–45% above €100,000 per child; spouse and PACS partner exempt; unrelated 60%	Same scale; the allowance renews every 15 years	Notary: acte de notoriété, déclaration de succession; no court probate	—	French succession
Spain	ISD: state scale 7.65–34% × coefficient 1.0–2.4; regional bonificaciones for close relatives vary by community	ISD on gifts, regional scales	Notary: declaración de herederos, escritura de adjudicación; ISD self-assessment	ISD within 6 months of death, extendable	Spanish succession
Italy	4% spouse and direct line above a €1M franchise; 6% siblings and relatives to the 4th degree; 8% others	Same rates and franchises	No probate; acceptance of the inheritance; dichiarazione di successione to the Agenzia delle Entrate	—	Italian succession
Germany	Class I 7–30%, II 15–43%, III 30–50%; €500,000 spouse, €400,000 per child; the heir's residence alone triggers German tax	Same law (ErbStG); allowances refresh every 10 years	Erbschein from the Nachlassgericht (§ 2353 BGB) or a European Certificate; no probate	Acquisition notified to the Finanzamt within 3 months (§ 30 ErbStG)	Inheritance tax map, forced heirship
Switzerland	Cantonal (none in Schwyz and Obwalden); spouses exempt in every canton, direct descendants in most	Cantonal, mirrors the inheritance tax	Cantonal probate authority; certificate of inheritance (Art. 559 ZGB)	Certificate one month after notification of the interested parties (Art. 559)	Switzerland
Portugal	No inheritance tax; stamp duty 10% (verba 1.2) — spouse, descendants and ascendants exempt (art. 6(e) CIS)	Same stamp duty and exemption; 0.8% on real estate	Habilitação de herdeiros before a notary or registry; stamp-duty declaration	Declaration (Modelo 1) by the end of the third month after death	Inheritance tax map
Cyprus	None	None; a gift of Cyprus real estate outside relatives to the third degree is a capital gains tax disposal	Probate or letters of administration from the District Court (Cap. 189)	—	Forced heirship
Israel	None	None	Registrar of Inheritance Affairs: succession order or probate order; the court decides if contested	—	Forced heirship
Russia	None (art. 217(18) Tax Code); 13–15% on sale within 3 years of ownership	None between close relatives (art. 217(18.1)); otherwise income tax	Notary at the place of opening; certificate of the right to inheritance	Certificate after 6 months (art. 1163)	Russian intestacy
Kazakhstan	None	None	Notary at the place of opening; certificate of the right to inheritance	Certificate after 6 months (art. 1073)	Kazakhstan
UAE	None	None	Onshore personal status courts, or DIFC Courts probate for a registered DIFC will	—	UAE inheritance
China	None	None	Notarised inheritance certificate or court judgment; estate administrator (art. 1145)	—	Chinese succession

Three patterns follow from the map. The reserve is a continental phenomenon and it moves with the applicable law: in the six EU jurisdictions of the map plus Switzerland a will can pick the law of nationality, and where that law knows no reserve — England, the US outside Louisiana, Israel — the forced share disappears, subject to counter-mechanisms: the public-policy exception of art. 35 of the Regulation, and the Swiss rule that its own citizens cannot choose their way out of Swiss reserves. Russia and China allow no choice at all and split the estate by asset type, so a Moscow flat or a Shanghai apartment follows local law regardless of what the will says.

Tax and law do not correlate. Six of the fourteen — Russia, Kazakhstan, the UAE, Cyprus, Israel, China — charge nothing on the transfer; Portugal charges nothing in the direct line. The expensive jurisdictions sit in two groups: estate taxes on the estate itself (the UK and the US at 40%), and taxes on each heir by kinship (France, Germany, Spain, Italy), where the heir's own residence — France, Germany and Spain — pulls a share of a foreign estate into charge even when the deceased never lived there; France does so once the heir has had a French tax domicile for at least six of the ten years before the year of receipt (art. 750 ter CGI). Zero-tax jurisdictions with a strong reserve exist (Russia, Kazakhstan), as do high-tax jurisdictions with full freedom (England).

Procedure decides how long the family waits for money. Common law and the UAE run through a court grant; continental Europe, Russia and Kazakhstan through a notary with a fixed clock — six months in Moscow and Almaty, six months for the Spanish tax declaration. A single European Certificate of Succession moves an EU-governed estate across the participating states; outside the EU every country asks for its own document, apostille and translation. The multi-jurisdiction wills rules follow from this table.

Profile → what the map says to do

Profile	What the map shows	Move
National of a no-reserve country living in France, Spain, Italy, Germany or Portugal	The reserve applies by default; art. 22 removes it, with French and German counter-mechanisms	Choice of nationality law in the will; French assets held through assurance-vie or a company; German-linked children handled by a Pflichtteilsverzicht
National of a reserve country (Russia, Kazakhstan) living in the EU	Art. 22 swaps one reserve for another; home immovables stay under home law	Compare both reserves before choosing; separate situs will for home real estate; personal fund for the Russian part
Assets in the US or the UK held by a non-resident	Situs tax regardless of residence: US estate tax of up to 40% once US assets exceed $60,000; UK IHT at 40% above £325,000	Non-US funds or an insurance wrapper for US securities; no offshore company over UK homes since 2017
Heirs resident in France, Germany or Spain	The heir's residence alone taxes their share of a worldwide estate; in France after six of the ten preceding years of French tax domicile	Lifetime gifts inside the 10-year German and 15-year French allowance cycles; regional Spanish relief by the heirs' community
Muslim or non-Muslim family with UAE real estate	UAE personal status rules apply unless a non-Muslim registers a DIFC or ADGM will	DIFC or ADGM registered will; guardianship clause; a will under home law for onshore assets
Family with a trust and beneficiaries on the continent	Recognised in Italy, Switzerland, Cyprus; no domestic trust in Spain or Portugal; income attributed in Germany (§ 15 AStG)	Foundation or life insurance for German, Spanish and Portuguese beneficiaries; trust for the UK, US, Cypriot and Israeli branch

A worked example on the map. A German national with habitual residence in Lisbon, two adult children living in Munich, a Lisbon flat, shares in a German GmbH, a US-listed ETF portfolio with a Swiss broker and cash in Zurich. Without a will, Portuguese law governs the whole estate under art. 21 of Regulation 650/2012: the children's legítima is two thirds, and no Portuguese stamp duty is due in the direct line. A choice of German law under art. 22 replaces the Portuguese legítima with the Pflichtteil at half the statutory share, payable in money, and opens the door to a notarised Pflichtteilsverzicht with the children. It changes nothing on tax: both children are German residents, so under § 2 ErbStG each child's share of the worldwide estate falls under the ErbStG above the €400,000 allowance whatever law the will chooses, and the ten-year gift cycle is the lever that works. The ETF portfolio is the trap — US-listed funds are shares of domestic corporations and therefore US-situs (26 U.S.C. § 2104), taxed above $60,000 at up to 40% through Form 706-NA — and it is closed during life by switching into Irish UCITS with the same exposure. The Lisbon flat needs a Portuguese situs will and a habilitação de herdeiros in any scenario.

The tax map

Rates and thresholds by country are collected in the inheritance tax map — from zero-tax jurisdictions to rates of tens of percent; the plan is checked against it for every country of assets and every heir. Two regimes break cross-border plans more often than any others.

United States: US estate tax for non-⁠residents

The first is US estate tax. The US taxes US-situs assets of a deceased non-resident — shares of US corporations, real estate, LP interests — at up to 40%; Form 706-NA is due once such assets exceed $60,000 in value, and the threshold is not indexed. US citizens and residents dying in 2026 have a $15 million basic exclusion, fixed by the OBBBA. The contrast of thresholds makes direct ownership of US securities through any broker an expensive mistake; the standard answers are a blocker structure and insurance liquidity for the tax.

United Kingdom: IHT and long-term residence

The second is UK inheritance tax after the 6 April 2025 reform. Domicile has been replaced by the long-term residence test: worldwide assets fall within IHT for anyone UK resident for 10 or more of the previous 20 tax years; after departure the status persists for another 3–10 years depending on the length of stay. For trusts the test is dynamic: excluded property protection is checked against the settlor's status at every chargeable event, ten-yearly charges included — the settlement date by itself no longer decides the outcome. The full mechanics are in trusts and IHT.

Russia and Singapore: the transfer is not taxed

Russia levies no inheritance tax; questions arise later — on the sale of inherited assets and on the foreign assets of Russian-resident heirs.

Singapore abolished its own: estate duty is not levied on deaths occurring on or after 15 February 2008. No Singapore tax arises on the transfer itself, so the calculation shifts entirely to the countries where the heirs are resident and to their trust reporting. The philanthropic branch of the plan is calculated in the same place: donations to approved Institute of Public Character bodies give the donor a 250% deduction — S$2.50 off taxable income for every S$1 given.

Process: probate, executors, access

Transfer means procedures, and they are designed together with the documents. In common law countries the estate goes through probate: the court proves the will, the executor collects assets, settles debts and taxes and distributes the remainder; through the procedure the executor holds management, so choosing one is a substantive decision — for a business, with a separate succession plan.

Continental Europe and Russia work through the notary. Inside the EU the European Certificate of Succession helps the heirs; outside it, legalisation, apostilles and translations apply country by country. Foreign accounts and foreign real estate follow routes of their own.

Digital assets inherit worst of all. Keys and seed phrases pass through no notary: naming a wallet in the will confirms the heirs' entitlement yet gives no access to the assets. The handover protocol is designed in advance: where the keys are, who receives them under which conditions, what happens to custodial and exchange accounts; the options from multisig to corporate custody are collected in crypto for private wealth. The same access logic extends to password managers, cloud archives and safe deposit boxes.

Popular, and it ends badly

Succession mistakes follow a stable typology — four scenarios return to practice more often than the rest.

"Everything to my wife, she will sort it out." The first transfer usually goes smoothly; the second is left without a plan: capital concentrates with the surviving spouse, no dispositions exist by their death, and blended families get a conflict in its purest form. Tax adds to it: spousal reliefs often merely defer the tax to the second death. What works is a pair of coordinated wills with a thought-through second-death plan.

Joint accounts as a "plan". Right of survivorship operates only where the law of the account recognises it; a European bank freezes a joint account until every heir proves their rights, and a tax authority may read "jointness" its own way — as a gift, or as the deceased's estate in full. Family liquidity hangs for months.

Three wills in three jurisdictions — each kept secret. Every new will revokes the previous ones by default; documents drawn by different lawyers without coordination compete, and a court ends up deciding which one is last and what it revoked. A coordinated set of situs wills with parallel-operation clauses is assembled under the rules of multi-jurisdiction wills.

A trust without a letter of wishes. A discretionary trust without a letter of wishes leaves the trustee alone with the capital and without knowledge of the family: distributions run formally, there is nothing to argue with in a beneficiary conflict, and a protector without real powers watches from the sidelines. A letter of wishes, workable protector powers and regular family contact with the trustee are part of the construction; without them the trust remains an expensive vault.

Risks

A summary of what destroys plans even with every document signed.

An unrevised plan. Relocation, marriage, divorce, birth, sale of a business change the applicable law and taxes; documents older than two-three years get re-checked. Conflicting documents. Wills, the prenup, the company charter and the trust deed are written at different times by different advisers — contradictions surface in court. Forced shares. The reserve of the applicable law overrides the distribution after the fact. Tax at the entry into a structure. Settling assets into a trust or foundation can itself be a taxable event: the UK entry charge, gift taxes, exit tax on a change of residence. Incapacity before death. Without lasting powers of attorney (LPA and analogues) assets freeze while the owner is still alive. Compliance and sanctions. Banks and registries demand a confirmed chain of title; sanctions restrictions turn the transfer into a separate project.

A succession plan is a chosen applicable law, a holding structure, a calculated tax route, a working access protocol and appointed executors. What breaks is usually the weakest element: an unrevised document, an overlooked forced share, the $60,000 threshold on US assets, or a seed phrase known only to the owner. A plan assembled during life and revisited at every major family event costs less than any of these mistakes.

Q/A

Wills and choice of law

My only will is Russian, and the assets are in Russia, Spain and Cyprus. Is that enough?

Probably no. Spanish real estate follows Spanish rules together with the legítima, Cypriot assets follow the Cypriot procedure, and the Russian will needs legalisation and translation in each country. The working scheme is a coordinated set of situs wills for each asset country with parallel-operation clauses; for the European part, the choice of applicable law under Regulation 650/2012 is decided on top.

I am a Russian national living in France. Can I choose Russian law and escape the réserve héréditaire?

Choosing the law of nationality under Art. 22 of Regulation 650/2012 is possible: the French reserve stops applying to the succession. What changes is the jurisdiction of the restrictions: Russian Art. 1149 guarantees minor and disabled children, spouse, parents and dependants at least half of the intestate share. A choice of law is planned together with a calculation of both reserve systems.

US and UK estate tax exposure

I hold US shares with a non-US broker — will my heirs really face a US tax bill?

Yes. US-situs assets of a non-resident, including shares of US corporations held with any broker, face US estate tax at up to 40%; Form 706-NA is due once such assets exceed $60,000. For comparison, US citizens and residents dying in 2026 have a $15 million exclusion. The standard answers are a blocker structure over US securities and a policy for tax liquidity.

I spent 12 years in the UK and left. Is IHT on my worldwide assets behind me?

Not yet. From 6 April 2025 IHT turns on long-term residence: 10 or more years of residence out of the last 20 keep worldwide assets in charge, and after departure the status persists for another 3 to 10 years depending on the length of stay — with 12 years of residence, that is 3 years. An excluded property trust is tested against the settlor's status at every chargeable event; the settlement date by itself no longer decides the outcome.

Structures and digital assets

A Russian personal fund or a foreign trust — how to choose?

By where the beneficiaries live and where the assets sit. The personal fund lives in Russian law: a RUB 100 million entry threshold, notarised establishment, a status Russian registries and banks understand. A trust is stronger for international assets and beneficiaries in common law countries; the Russian legal system contains no trust institute, so for Russian assets it is practically unusable. The frequent outcome is a combination: the Russian part in a personal fund, the international part in a trust or a continental foundation.

Will crypto pass to my heirs under the will?

Entitlement — yes; access — separately. A notarial procedure cannot hand over keys: without an access protocol the heirs obtain a court confirmation of rights to a wallet nobody in the family can technically open. The protocol — where the keys are, who receives them, how custodial accounts unlock — is prepared during life and updated together with the plan.

Across the fourteen jurisdictions

In which of the fourteen jurisdictions does a choice of law actually remove the forced share?

In the EU jurisdictions of the map — France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Cyprus — and in Switzerland a will may choose the law of nationality, and if that law has no reserve (England, most US states, Israel) the reserve falls away. Two limits survive the choice: a court may invoke the public-policy exception of art. 35 of the Regulation, and a Swiss citizen cannot escape Swiss reserves by choosing another law. Russia, Kazakhstan and China do not offer the choice for their own immovables at all.

Which countries on the map take no tax on the transfer, and where is the catch?

Russia, Kazakhstan, the UAE, Cyprus, Israel and China levy no inheritance tax; Portugal exempts the spouse, descendants and ascendants from its 10% stamp duty. The catch is elsewhere: Russia taxes the sale of an inherited asset held for less than three years, and a single heir resident in Germany or Spain, or in France for six of the preceding ten years, brings their share of the estate into those countries' inheritance tax whatever the deceased's country did.

Trust or foundation for a family with beneficiaries in Italy, Germany and the UK?

The map splits the answer by beneficiary. Italy recognises a foreign trust under the Hague Convention but keeps the legittima and interposes a trust the settlor still controls; Germany recognises neither and attributes foundation or trust income to the beneficiaries under § 15 AStG; the UK treats a trust as native. The usual construction is two vehicles: a trust for the UK branch and a foundation or insurance wrapper for the continental one, with the reserve of each beneficiary's law checked before assets are settled.

ru · succ.law.connecting

ru / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ru · succ.law.scission

ru / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ru · succ.law.choice

ru / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ru · succ.law.eu650.context

ru / succ.law.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

ru · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

ru / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.law.connecting

ae / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.law.scission

ae / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ae · succ.law.choice

ae / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.law.eu650.context

ae / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision The United Arab Emirates does not participate in Regulation (EU) No 650/2012; it does not establish local jurisdiction or ECS issuance there. A participating forum may nevertheless designate its law under the Regulation’s universal conflict rules, without making that country a participant. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:70bae375-84b4-51ee-86a9-e9d56c1d21d7:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"The United Arab Emirates does not participate in Regulation (EU) No 650/2012; it does not establish local jurisdiction or ECS issuance there. A participating forum may nevertheless designate its law under the Regulation’s universal conflict rules, without making that country a participant. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"d34bc82f4e4a1d6a4006070d1526225240db60e57711baaec016c6c33f6c80fc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a303db96dd2002fa384da7318098c2ee482cca05d5e1e6fb63947b1b17777fb2","fingerprintSha256":"83ca60812d1dd79da00423b846d32aeb090e6cc129791cc667467583fab4c932"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"c470f7b36a793c3beab0882234cd746a4e977928568c18f291ef79e04babf225","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"98208e004e1e30c5bd9dfb16c127fbde49051318b49c29b30a533d431644ab76","fingerprintSha256":"a81ff087a22ac5286f270ca9730a378acb10ba1d7cc6e5489976d0236422aafb"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"ae","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"1b6f880c5e3acab037e6291ac1a92f08e21ab12df972fd5d75f07b8c5c4c9df5","publicItemSha256":"d86ba8c17601a52ad8bac1a297bf3e6729cca3038bda58aa25fa7df3a439158d","versions":[{"ref":"ans:70bae375-84b4-51ee-86a9-e9d56c1d21d7:v2","key":"70bae375-84b4-51ee-86a9-e9d56c1d21d7","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"cfc162a69e4d24122048b97035df2a0c8165019e164861b4441a621fd05069a8","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"59af9667f9f8b8c6b4e0f09e0417d21ad6f24a9dcb3569bc0b18295370930140","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"c14fe8ede5c24708e9370c8a20a8b9ae4020a1551dd95268c8d551e08bacc2b3","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

ae · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

ae / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Regulation No 650/2012 itself establishes neither local ECS issuance nor mandatory acceptance in the United Arab Emirates; the local documentary route requires separate review. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:f8f0dcd1-d90f-5501-a7e8-2569dd445fd0:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Regulation No 650/2012 itself establishes neither local ECS issuance nor mandatory acceptance in the United Arab Emirates; the local documentary route requires separate review. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"d34bc82f4e4a1d6a4006070d1526225240db60e57711baaec016c6c33f6c80fc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a303db96dd2002fa384da7318098c2ee482cca05d5e1e6fb63947b1b17777fb2","fingerprintSha256":"83ca60812d1dd79da00423b846d32aeb090e6cc129791cc667467583fab4c932"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"c470f7b36a793c3beab0882234cd746a4e977928568c18f291ef79e04babf225","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"98208e004e1e30c5bd9dfb16c127fbde49051318b49c29b30a533d431644ab76","fingerprintSha256":"a81ff087a22ac5286f270ca9730a378acb10ba1d7cc6e5489976d0236422aafb"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"ae","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"aae8c408e15cedb938de0ccd8f50e0551249d2b8597c352acec23038ccee097e","publicItemSha256":"91cb9fefde2bdbcd4159a65bce11185382cecc68f9b5d2da871be496ccaa688c","versions":[{"ref":"ans:f8f0dcd1-d90f-5501-a7e8-2569dd445fd0:v2","key":"f8f0dcd1-d90f-5501-a7e8-2569dd445fd0","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"95b6c4c37df0039c7c1317b3aed3406ecc3a2ae7f14e898f5ef7a78492fa5200","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"3f1f2f9482e0354b71139850a4a8603475595f0bf4db396d6eb7e38effdb6649","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"2903f82a5dc8ecc840eb355fc36fa2d043902603e265244c7a10ea3a38e04f3b","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

cy · succ.law.connecting

cy / succ.law.connecting Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision By default the applicable law is determined by habitual residence not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland. EU Succession Regulation — General information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true — Territorial application, general information Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Article21 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.connecting","text":"Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:d2578932-5410-594a-b2e8-f68ffd3911d2:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"By default the applicable law is determined by habitual residence","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"EU Succession Regulation — General information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true","locator":"Territorial application, general information","quote":"The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"86b7c8b8c6639dea1d3aa0e57403a2a40186d683d1e5628e0a5c0e3dd4a1e674","quoteLiteralSha256":"e9422610c389f7dff7cc594661dffbcb28c9fafbb30f170a1a418f1e37c06433","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1204e102ca34c48a8f016b6f01f960fe8061aafb44bab59a7c6f1b77f22ce63a","fingerprintSha256":"9bcb6aca13284100ced328624c2af5a3b5dd138dd95df53ecee1cf1319928936"}},{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Article21","quote":"Article 21\nGeneral rule\n1.\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n2.\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"4e5bc15298b668c781c5057396aeb4640b1df0c12d8d45f35fbd0c682374c7cb","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"eea7af09ed2f5b4a05a02f7a823880f3918041041cf0b870a2d7bce7e9b5a751","fingerprintSha256":"5977928579b6414ba81550bc381b69a82b716244076a732a8ae4fd3117c7392e"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cy","question":"succ.law.connecting","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"e7e95c90fe246a25ed74e853094c9b0ca1151254018d33fab6fcd6ee03171bfd","publicItemSha256":"4855bd9d9def08ef534b30108cdd741a61898b788423dba9b67e5de274d782f6","versions":[{"ref":"ans:d2578932-5410-594a-b2e8-f68ffd3911d2:v3","key":"d2578932-5410-594a-b2e8-f68ffd3911d2","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"0c7d185c1f69c88c08c13f0854855fea6e92165c37531fe286d2f06c9220faee","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"b7a61bad0321a7d96c451f3cbb9c54516ad2c2e0431c9c0f98aafcb4324a7531","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"d51c816baa6c3ddc0dc4fdb443e87b2dc3b4d4958798d88e7e7e9a0a8c25b72a","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

cy · succ.law.scission

cy / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cy · succ.law.choice

cy / succ.law.choice May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland. EU Succession Regulation — General information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true — Territorial application, general information Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Article22(1)-(2) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.choice","text":"May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:6252d858-b727-5089-a7fe-627e7a41dbe5:v5","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"EU Succession Regulation — General information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true","locator":"Territorial application, general information","quote":"The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"86b7c8b8c6639dea1d3aa0e57403a2a40186d683d1e5628e0a5c0e3dd4a1e674","quoteLiteralSha256":"e9422610c389f7dff7cc594661dffbcb28c9fafbb30f170a1a418f1e37c06433","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1204e102ca34c48a8f016b6f01f960fe8061aafb44bab59a7c6f1b77f22ce63a","fingerprintSha256":"9bcb6aca13284100ced328624c2af5a3b5dd138dd95df53ecee1cf1319928936"}},{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Article22(1)-(2)","quote":"Article 22\nChoice of law\n1.\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n2.\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"1d3ce0b54aec1a91ccb958a6c0a8f6da2ab0c6c14e7b1a3a8eebb12799ff9ada","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"ded8aec50f43696fcfb2edb71ec6a8792bed8f8758bcf8bcf1f70039bbb3571d","fingerprintSha256":"e081cf3e40f123c283a8441abd752d3d999e52dc96fd48444cc3b3f76cdb10d4"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cy","question":"succ.law.choice","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"e209dba52867db3f2bcc97ce6e73d7da174a58e0aa8a37cc45dfca34d8a28440","publicItemSha256":"f5695e1849281b9260df2740c47ad6eb3117ce6797019c248540a1546674acd8","versions":[{"ref":"ans:6252d858-b727-5089-a7fe-627e7a41dbe5:v5","key":"6252d858-b727-5089-a7fe-627e7a41dbe5","version":5,"storedAnswerSha256":"ebca3ee613014a4ac1448565bc63becd65f8a9d726c5610d8e5503cb7734ef0b","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"31a69135a99a843bd45cbe054c35432a39201a367bd484a598114d487bfaa1b7","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"b1d5ab9d5c9d575353de59e43c88e1ccf0adce3f1226d7e50143a4bdcc46ca10","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

cy · succ.law.eu650.context

cy / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Cyprus is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2615:2729 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:b1866954-a158-5f57-b5e1-49b1448ce4c7:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Cyprus is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2615:2729","quote":"Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"31a1978fa094c1e5294c7154eba221fa49b3ae07eab84e97ac0cfe72f4548a9d","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"c190fe12a548400efa1b7c475f92c7a8526246a6042241a354ba8b319f332ac5","fingerprintSha256":"ec06b95aa3f1ff84aca140d8b2fdfcf4a8a1e69c2d7b7e8a1968138d97a7c7d8"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cy","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"fd26e0f3c4e68de44a41ddf46db2c840da896afb890021df08a2d89b2e10e052","publicItemSha256":"dc00bf61468a196bebadccee0e9310e08bcb2faa850c53e03745cb4bba490c7b","versions":[{"ref":"ans:b1866954-a158-5f57-b5e1-49b1448ce4c7:v2","key":"b1866954-a158-5f57-b5e1-49b1448ce4c7","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"2a40c22f9c61d90421a735402f2c4ced25a617b669892ce0734c627fdc9a0e12","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"8549ce1759e57e6fcc75e410800e9f0991df97f316ad87bbe05ca0904907eadd","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"07a68c841f45aa2ff6bdf1f4037fbcbfc4911638a68ad0a808db5d3a06becafe","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

cy · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

cy / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision For Cyprus, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2615:2729 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:227a9761-790f-517c-9eb2-4fbec9de656a:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"For Cyprus, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2615:2729","quote":"Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"31a1978fa094c1e5294c7154eba221fa49b3ae07eab84e97ac0cfe72f4548a9d","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"c190fe12a548400efa1b7c475f92c7a8526246a6042241a354ba8b319f332ac5","fingerprintSha256":"ec06b95aa3f1ff84aca140d8b2fdfcf4a8a1e69c2d7b7e8a1968138d97a7c7d8"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cy","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"ffd5c2d3948346fcebcb50941e5932f5e31d2b4d423ade3c4707d41f929845af","publicItemSha256":"12dc830ee11072db77b5083e7d22768fffdaf9fc1feb55f05235b4158cefed54","versions":[{"ref":"ans:227a9761-790f-517c-9eb2-4fbec9de656a:v2","key":"227a9761-790f-517c-9eb2-4fbec9de656a","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"bb6aeb4940a5130db6c363dc68b806458397f342cb243f27be612e6900ed67a9","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"7414c2fcd9cea0da6327fbe2ac1e65ff05e8f54fffa85de939a7673f59acefc7","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"530dc9cc38b900eb2f1a5e96cec51a508e18e2f28ff823542f4bd36e1b0ba9ea","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

gb · succ.law.connecting

gb / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.law.scission

gb / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.law.choice

gb / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.law.eu650.context

gb / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision The United Kingdom does not participate in Regulation (EU) No 650/2012; it does not establish local jurisdiction or ECS issuance there. A participating forum may nevertheless designate its law under the Regulation’s universal conflict rules, without making that country a participant. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. UK nonparticipation predates Brexit: recital82 says it did not participate in adoption and was not bound; recital83 separately addresses Denmark, and the current portal confirms Ireland’s and Denmark’s nonparticipation. The portal’s generic Brexit notice establishes no EU650 transitional regime for UK proceedings. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 (82) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, those Member States are not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and are not bound by it or subject to its application. This is, however, without prejudice to the possibility for the United Kingdom and Ireland of notifying their intention of accepting this Regulation after its adoption in accordance with Article 4 of the said Protocol. (83) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 22 on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application, Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — original English OJ recitals 82 and 83 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0650 — law_recitals_82_83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:0:919 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:34ed83fb-d633-5071-98cc-8ce8abfdddee:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"The United Kingdom does not participate in Regulation (EU) No 650/2012; it does not establish local jurisdiction or ECS issuance there. A participating forum may nevertheless designate its law under the Regulation’s universal conflict rules, without making that country a participant. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. UK nonparticipation predates Brexit: recital82 says it did not participate in adoption and was not bound; recital83 separately addresses Denmark, and the current portal confirms Ireland’s and Denmark’s nonparticipation. The portal’s generic Brexit notice establishes no EU650 transitional regime for UK proceedings.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — original English OJ recitals 82 and 83","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0650","locator":"law_recitals_82_83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:0:919","quote":"(82) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, those Member States are not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and are not bound by it or subject to its application.\nThis is, however, without prejudice to the possibility for the United Kingdom and Ireland of notifying their intention of accepting this Regulation after its adoption in accordance with Article 4 of the said Protocol.\n(83) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 22 on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application,\n","language":"en","source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"3ea07ea11071a034cb3454106ace1f6f9f6db2ab20a0fb6a53b9d6908e835c7c","quoteLiteralSha256":"3ea07ea11071a034cb3454106ace1f6f9f6db2ab20a0fb6a53b9d6908e835c7c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"adf7318bfd2b3dc76f93ffe0f19b7876ccb12f2d82ba6866110a97fb8639bc5a","fingerprintSha256":"7eb3e1e9a51dc4aba634fbe79317e89d95207cb3f45b26147f6312eaf2a5a01d"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"d34bc82f4e4a1d6a4006070d1526225240db60e57711baaec016c6c33f6c80fc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a303db96dd2002fa384da7318098c2ee482cca05d5e1e6fb63947b1b17777fb2","fingerprintSha256":"83ca60812d1dd79da00423b846d32aeb090e6cc129791cc667467583fab4c932"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. 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gb · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

gb / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Regulation No 650/2012 itself establishes neither local ECS issuance nor mandatory acceptance in the United Kingdom; the local documentary route requires separate review. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. UK nonparticipation predates Brexit: recital82 says it did not participate in adoption and was not bound; recital83 separately addresses Denmark, and the current portal confirms Ireland’s and Denmark’s nonparticipation. The portal’s generic Brexit notice establishes no EU650 transitional regime for UK proceedings. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 (82) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, those Member States are not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and are not bound by it or subject to its application. This is, however, without prejudice to the possibility for the United Kingdom and Ireland of notifying their intention of accepting this Regulation after its adoption in accordance with Article 4 of the said Protocol. (83) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 22 on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application, Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — original English OJ recitals 82 and 83 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0650 — law_recitals_82_83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:0:919 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:0fe72f7f-7045-5baa-a84e-726a17866d1b:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Regulation No 650/2012 itself establishes neither local ECS issuance nor mandatory acceptance in the United Kingdom; the local documentary route requires separate review. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. UK nonparticipation predates Brexit: recital82 says it did not participate in adoption and was not bound; recital83 separately addresses Denmark, and the current portal confirms Ireland’s and Denmark’s nonparticipation. The portal’s generic Brexit notice establishes no EU650 transitional regime for UK proceedings.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — original English OJ recitals 82 and 83","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0650","locator":"law_recitals_82_83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:0:919","quote":"(82) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, those Member States are not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and are not bound by it or subject to its application.\nThis is, however, without prejudice to the possibility for the United Kingdom and Ireland of notifying their intention of accepting this Regulation after its adoption in accordance with Article 4 of the said Protocol.\n(83) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 22 on the position of Denmark, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Regulation and is not bound by it or subject to its application,\n","language":"en","source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"3ea07ea11071a034cb3454106ace1f6f9f6db2ab20a0fb6a53b9d6908e835c7c","quoteLiteralSha256":"3ea07ea11071a034cb3454106ace1f6f9f6db2ab20a0fb6a53b9d6908e835c7c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"adf7318bfd2b3dc76f93ffe0f19b7876ccb12f2d82ba6866110a97fb8639bc5a","fingerprintSha256":"7eb3e1e9a51dc4aba634fbe79317e89d95207cb3f45b26147f6312eaf2a5a01d"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"d34bc82f4e4a1d6a4006070d1526225240db60e57711baaec016c6c33f6c80fc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a303db96dd2002fa384da7318098c2ee482cca05d5e1e6fb63947b1b17777fb2","fingerprintSha256":"83ca60812d1dd79da00423b846d32aeb090e6cc129791cc667467583fab4c932"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"c470f7b36a793c3beab0882234cd746a4e977928568c18f291ef79e04babf225","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"98208e004e1e30c5bd9dfb16c127fbde49051318b49c29b30a533d431644ab76","fingerprintSha256":"a81ff087a22ac5286f270ca9730a378acb10ba1d7cc6e5489976d0236422aafb"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"gb","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"308ef11aef0fb789e7a9d9eec40bde8d442c4625c65840d0a026406e935cf258","publicItemSha256":"96b0509636e3feb96de0f61b234f958b95930a0f4df2feb5e62119c9ed750f30","versions":[{"ref":"ans:0fe72f7f-7045-5baa-a84e-726a17866d1b:v2","key":"0fe72f7f-7045-5baa-a84e-726a17866d1b","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"0c59e836e0ef6ee8d2999ce3cb27ba6b7bd2003b9d1e82a32c95c1a6f678f54e","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"93cfb4eceddf44bdec2a03c27b0d79e90368e11d6d9a7c186e54167a3a9c2279","caveat":"717a9b6a363171b340cf8537dba37f3864d4d41f5a64cf1841d74890670d1dda"},"en":{"statement":"b8d791ea672184c59be318c672a80b7891290d1fc824e4fe403949a50976a693","caveat":"7c5937ddac40fc13f402058d1608713f5fd6a166e32786417f62517f6750cb85"}}}]}}

ch · succ.law.connecting

ch / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ch · succ.law.scission

ch / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.law.choice

ch / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ch · succ.law.eu650.context

ch / succ.law.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

ch / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.law.connecting

es / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.law.scission

es / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

es · succ.law.choice

es / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.law.eu650.context

es / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Spain is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members2_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2696:2840 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:0681697f-b0a3-53f0-a82b-e791705f6c51:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Spain is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members2_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2696:2840","quote":"Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"3dfdb08b7c38c077f6e6f77f53b2d49041d64e6e344d07307e8341d27689dea6","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"6ae306a873f227e98fefbbc2f49e344540bb49b75b153a07dfe5aa0bd15c8181","fingerprintSha256":"97b266b2752525424efe345fe849ee97a4bff29942f1f3b92fa21fcd734e0d50"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"es","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"c7ea2bb5d64a13055792e392508e419bd11735c0692fc56b2fb8a4b2d04353d4","publicItemSha256":"362befa6bb9b9db1ce8ad1d7ea1b1f4d69710c1c673bd31c184aa4609ccd80a8","versions":[{"ref":"ans:0681697f-b0a3-53f0-a82b-e791705f6c51:v2","key":"0681697f-b0a3-53f0-a82b-e791705f6c51","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"48b3349d5f9ff56415c43c5cb3f56ec09455e4099dc7e079454e12f9b13dd05c","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"48915ad6dd9fa057f1ee36f28f8f37ae7d18c598a628851fe0094fda8641cc5c","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"f2b14f6b331a72bf3884a945ad9cda3534245e61f1fe084b462d9992705e4878","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

es · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

es / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision For Spain, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members2_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2696:2840 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:bac7a100-8a6c-520b-bf1a-8c4c8229967f:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"For Spain, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members2_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2696:2840","quote":"Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"3dfdb08b7c38c077f6e6f77f53b2d49041d64e6e344d07307e8341d27689dea6","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"6ae306a873f227e98fefbbc2f49e344540bb49b75b153a07dfe5aa0bd15c8181","fingerprintSha256":"97b266b2752525424efe345fe849ee97a4bff29942f1f3b92fa21fcd734e0d50"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"es","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"dd5bd1fdd70db8f31da83b180ec2a3fdfeb02e9c623e3fc3e110176242617d0a","publicItemSha256":"1c2553897d3cd9160188cb70b09e5826711e727f11ca3ad1a57b6fc53ad9d18b","versions":[{"ref":"ans:bac7a100-8a6c-520b-bf1a-8c4c8229967f:v2","key":"bac7a100-8a6c-520b-bf1a-8c4c8229967f","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"a36f0a10d98f4d839a925a2534e00821771783bfbe35a655c5ba6237d0886017","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"2c4c96478025d10c5807bec505509a151aa980fffb51e8e9b67f58cbfcfdbead","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"54252f73a63e40183cd37ea6540c1177ccec1e9fff15c634be4717816c340f83","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

pt · succ.law.connecting

pt / succ.law.connecting Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision By default the applicable law is determined by habitual residence not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 21(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.connecting","text":"Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:5af47dee-07fe-5df3-a2fe-f8ea19718430:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"By default the applicable law is determined by habitual residence","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 21(1)","quote":"Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"4901cff8bb969e13795004cc3841e9580be75772c712aa274d9a4171e795cbc5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"62370b326b5ac38850792b6a90b9cba4134392b647ddd41d3f71b7259aa0826e","fingerprintSha256":"b7a50da82f754579a2db5653015d5e4bede375ec9bf4d3c1957d61b3d22d4d75"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"pt","question":"succ.law.connecting","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"0f42a6549b8da8b099cb5f027e0d3e5837a834bcaec1f7d5e44c0e11954fa042","publicItemSha256":"f59db5d8983d97640a35d876952268f7a3c7336a4a378f9f0baf0750bcc6d1bd","versions":[{"ref":"ans:5af47dee-07fe-5df3-a2fe-f8ea19718430:v3","key":"5af47dee-07fe-5df3-a2fe-f8ea19718430","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"6eb5c7bc71c9108af5249604d81f0bec925c205659b22c59b5ca46d172741883","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"b7a61bad0321a7d96c451f3cbb9c54516ad2c2e0431c9c0f98aafcb4324a7531","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"d51c816baa6c3ddc0dc4fdb443e87b2dc3b4d4958798d88e7e7e9a0a8c25b72a","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

pt · succ.law.scission

pt / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

pt · succ.law.choice

pt / succ.law.choice May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland. EU Succession Regulation — General information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true — Territorial application, general information Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Article22(1)-(2) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 22(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.choice","text":"May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:076c0fbc-d5a2-51ef-831d-caa62f68994f:v6","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"EU Succession Regulation — General information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true","locator":"Territorial application, general information","quote":"The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"86b7c8b8c6639dea1d3aa0e57403a2a40186d683d1e5628e0a5c0e3dd4a1e674","quoteLiteralSha256":"e9422610c389f7dff7cc594661dffbcb28c9fafbb30f170a1a418f1e37c06433","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1204e102ca34c48a8f016b6f01f960fe8061aafb44bab59a7c6f1b77f22ce63a","fingerprintSha256":"9bcb6aca13284100ced328624c2af5a3b5dd138dd95df53ecee1cf1319928936"}},{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Article22(1)-(2)","quote":"Article 22\nChoice of law\n1.\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n2.\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"1d3ce0b54aec1a91ccb958a6c0a8f6da2ab0c6c14e7b1a3a8eebb12799ff9ada","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"ded8aec50f43696fcfb2edb71ec6a8792bed8f8758bcf8bcf1f70039bbb3571d","fingerprintSha256":"e081cf3e40f123c283a8441abd752d3d999e52dc96fd48444cc3b3f76cdb10d4"}},{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 22(1)","quote":"A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"8a8165839e99a7f94359ce18900a65966f0c52f6c100869e56dbee622ff7dd48","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a2af64056e2c43a57b5cb1f8b5b1cc37b2902c0043892805bd7f6605115bf85e","fingerprintSha256":"72b71a53570e44dbb6b69e42e6fed7a2affe1b3a37c2d0416c2e502397817245"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"pt","question":"succ.law.choice","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"4308890fa5d3a80244ae25de3fc4be48930d12cfa62d494cd01d125781bbb79f","publicItemSha256":"b7aff04937e98bb618dd5bc13362fbc973aca2096723a7a6bbf974babfda4501","versions":[{"ref":"ans:076c0fbc-d5a2-51ef-831d-caa62f68994f:v6","key":"076c0fbc-d5a2-51ef-831d-caa62f68994f","version":6,"storedAnswerSha256":"91bca59d12fe2aaa9975c6287656cd8c7dc8beffeb97cd0dd7b85e60f0db65a1","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"31a69135a99a843bd45cbe054c35432a39201a367bd484a598114d487bfaa1b7","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"b1d5ab9d5c9d575353de59e43c88e1ccf0adce3f1226d7e50143a4bdcc46ca10","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

pt · succ.law.eu650.context

pt / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Portugal is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members2_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2138:2288 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:c739e9ad-4686-5a42-9844-5170ad430926:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Portugal is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members2_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2138:2288","quote":"Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d1bb75f0f1287c6a7894e6e02e20448b7a92d448b60978bb0e5bd087b605e27","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"aabce88926b981fb8ecd97e8b5538ae7174b6691b7b9ef00dd409f3ba1f6a024","fingerprintSha256":"85aee2b6920a106651632ae09bf80094fb70d2ce0c9dca67c6930892a05554f0"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"pt","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"1a536a693f169e3e7cd42a7974ad207731a22fb839c21ed1ef793010442e7bba","publicItemSha256":"cfdc00663de8e204609251c9d305933f6e5d02122f8b3933180de256328947ef","versions":[{"ref":"ans:c739e9ad-4686-5a42-9844-5170ad430926:v2","key":"c739e9ad-4686-5a42-9844-5170ad430926","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"5ee2099144cca11016834fec5b396284fb394bfa8751288082b4a96dae8e9c6f","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"2c8bad92bef66548ad1bf5c1560e20ec33014556a38cbdf9c9d3abe785f2267c","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"2e9011fcd1723e450b2f7961d92bbcee906f3a2dbe514933cecd7a9f029ff65e","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

pt · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

pt / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision For Portugal, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members2_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2138:2288 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:375aab36-f360-57ae-82e3-863e43d3ac5b:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"For Portugal, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members2_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:2138:2288","quote":"Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d1bb75f0f1287c6a7894e6e02e20448b7a92d448b60978bb0e5bd087b605e27","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"aabce88926b981fb8ecd97e8b5538ae7174b6691b7b9ef00dd409f3ba1f6a024","fingerprintSha256":"85aee2b6920a106651632ae09bf80094fb70d2ce0c9dca67c6930892a05554f0"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"pt","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"07493da769049c4dac42e4ff783ddae2f089649caf55eddc6655aa039ca6b729","publicItemSha256":"ada284ef41ce91e378b81838955306c0dff8308cfc086dcb7ce13469add91ea2","versions":[{"ref":"ans:375aab36-f360-57ae-82e3-863e43d3ac5b:v2","key":"375aab36-f360-57ae-82e3-863e43d3ac5b","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"4eac7b168b72823928b5a8f5acd26c9a97cfd83c15e2a5cbc537514f6f6d69f0","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"6da740a25d00af49b5410aadfff41594cd8412dec206aa24257fbeccb8339647","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"bffbdf39d47058d2648913effc09fb47ca2f3142ebec9dc7b991d753dd78ff7d","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

de · succ.law.connecting

de / succ.law.connecting Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision By default the applicable law is determined by habitual residence not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 21(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.connecting","text":"Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:7507186e-35f6-5120-8ea8-5c519f99977f:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"By default the applicable law is determined by habitual residence","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 21(1)","quote":"Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"4901cff8bb969e13795004cc3841e9580be75772c712aa274d9a4171e795cbc5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"62370b326b5ac38850792b6a90b9cba4134392b647ddd41d3f71b7259aa0826e","fingerprintSha256":"b7a50da82f754579a2db5653015d5e4bede375ec9bf4d3c1957d61b3d22d4d75"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.law.connecting","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"4f6fcd15b7f4a87ddf06aa2210e945af3ea9192ffe0221ce93ef9da4ba3ab9d3","publicItemSha256":"81c21711a88a82087f8508ebb3ad9ce9211cdf8299d175d159e09b9fbfb1cdd6","versions":[{"ref":"ans:7507186e-35f6-5120-8ea8-5c519f99977f:v3","key":"7507186e-35f6-5120-8ea8-5c519f99977f","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"acf4ca67d7a07af1b878431c4b3e60faacbf5e75951dc06f69b10b51eae0e90b","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"b7a61bad0321a7d96c451f3cbb9c54516ad2c2e0431c9c0f98aafcb4324a7531","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"d51c816baa6c3ddc0dc4fdb443e87b2dc3b4d4958798d88e7e7e9a0a8c25b72a","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

de · succ.law.scission

de / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.law.choice

de / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.law.eu650.context

de / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Germany is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3415:3563 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:87c36f01-d04b-5afb-b99b-382da0542cfb:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Germany is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3415:3563","quote":"Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"8488a0077ea881e2e0fda0a691e7357c13e51e913b148f652f0d9396191b4ed2","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d51535118e10499e783c479cafdf0c628fb76aa41f1db0109b002a0d43472ce4","fingerprintSha256":"4a05909e6e252e9f5d0c269d9c72b65c77c0640a142cff5870f4fee02797eb08"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"0ade4ad3dd4a2ab0510d3182fe584ae80eeee71741950a852e9445d9dd895e84","publicItemSha256":"a00be7083d0b7f2de280bd27553fd4e9200eae388415ac9c8ebeab91935dbff0","versions":[{"ref":"ans:87c36f01-d04b-5afb-b99b-382da0542cfb:v2","key":"87c36f01-d04b-5afb-b99b-382da0542cfb","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"e5c8b321e925c48501065c8bc86157d385caebcbb338c5aa3c3627309305e19c","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"e22b72c46591ee78bbbea4097472bc69a9a0759e4bec3024de998f30bd42fa49","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"ad6fbd1083420e87eca4d247c9d39fd3f3781cc6de47026ee1e17ff2bb702a10","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

de · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

de / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision For Germany, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3415:3563 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:7b928c19-ec64-5167-9805-78380c99b3c5:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"For Germany, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3415:3563","quote":"Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"8488a0077ea881e2e0fda0a691e7357c13e51e913b148f652f0d9396191b4ed2","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d51535118e10499e783c479cafdf0c628fb76aa41f1db0109b002a0d43472ce4","fingerprintSha256":"4a05909e6e252e9f5d0c269d9c72b65c77c0640a142cff5870f4fee02797eb08"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"ebce8fa654c49ea604d563f82d62c9bf520bc2b293e447dd9e381fa7e580a660","publicItemSha256":"7bce2dd8e02ebbd05f3030198999fd148f77880f7ae6083d4792f71a5b1156dc","versions":[{"ref":"ans:7b928c19-ec64-5167-9805-78380c99b3c5:v2","key":"7b928c19-ec64-5167-9805-78380c99b3c5","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"ac5e41adf5e70a05f5db80da5ef73f9ea96775de16cd318137edd226b633b77c","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"6dc951a28db0d85f65784438f5c16f1328d395a0bf9722bcbe288d50278ce0b3","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"21a81351969bed2be4d4592be50c020c4e547b662b7d86fbf5ef19c95fbe9e80","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

fr · succ.law.connecting

fr / succ.law.connecting Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Reg. 650/2012: habitual residence or chosen nationality not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, arts. 21–22 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.connecting","text":"Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:1f4bfd08-03cc-54cb-ab6d-1f1b9a01d877:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Reg. 650/2012: habitual residence or chosen nationality","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, arts. 21–22","quote":"Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n2.\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.\nArticle 22\nChoice of law\n1.\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"797d2b82cbfde6ccf4f8115495fc8e77da764323a074ca9315787f761bf6f6b8","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"64a54011006a2d07c2d290f739b85f0ac27ad8324e3b0e68870818cce8dd31e7","fingerprintSha256":"7c2ab1e0171583502ab519a9b01a4dfb456803e7021d4534030e1a80c203de0c"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.law.connecting","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"dd8952c0891c2d297e2ce99034615275d646549201cf77c3638102ef77fd6f2b","publicItemSha256":"b02fd55660f09ca02c0ebe53bc251893d42e010a70fe257f9c67afe8539f90ba","versions":[{"ref":"ans:1f4bfd08-03cc-54cb-ab6d-1f1b9a01d877:v3","key":"1f4bfd08-03cc-54cb-ab6d-1f1b9a01d877","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"ddca5aa2e4c80908f52ef5d1737454b82ee30ca2b1d4b688c0bd7f96a42a2e65","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"3a69b1ef3ed5a605a5c9f681760132a8fb2e93c24dd6f57c663ec056ba0a5b07","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"74c60c0a16fccf754f5297b92ec042a13204a6ef50afb2d07162ea162ba61034","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

fr · succ.law.scission

fr / succ.law.scission Does the specified property pass under the law of the place where it is located, regardless of the general rule (scission of the estate) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Brussels IV does not split the estate real estate, accounts, shares, wherever they are located not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 23(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.scission","text":"Does the specified property pass under the law of the place where it is located, regardless of the general rule (scission of the estate)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:63dfa942-0c7d-5baa-bf8c-a3cd836c52ac:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Brussels IV does not split the estate","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"real estate, accounts, shares, wherever they are located","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 23(1)","quote":"The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"5090f53377fdfd3d25add507020b82e6f732c5b2b419096a8ace791190efaa12","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9d44226ca8b6fc75344f1e84e7c60e44a37113ad5ffb32f3ea95e39a8cb43baf","fingerprintSha256":"6e087ba2ff8946637c843afb2223dbf52f823e171c097e51b95927846128cad6"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.law.scission","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"86bff220f6dfdbec8532316a137affbf7af96e586741a10df51125b076690459","publicItemSha256":"59a23dc48faa72e182f9fd3322186b818d44e7c8768dd6103acfb374d2ae1296","versions":[{"ref":"ans:63dfa942-0c7d-5baa-bf8c-a3cd836c52ac:v3","key":"63dfa942-0c7d-5baa-bf8c-a3cd836c52ac","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"e2c7a4e94fdc65c321f50bf28c22d906a0b6b6a95a6919fa04a7fb15329f4536","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"28c88b38e42eeb15e863b1731dc0431798468b7ba3636be73f488cff32babdaf","caveat":"71b1f736ebb3f84e6fb2910706428175618dd68e1bb82a03bb008518a0452815"}}}]}}

fr · succ.law.choice

fr / succ.law.choice May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland. EU Succession Regulation — General information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true — Territorial application, general information Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Article22(1)-(2) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 22(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.choice","text":"May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:6e625fbf-4b78-5617-9d51-1e23941a9665:v6","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. 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their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.law.choice","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"267086d2024dfdd8f65ffc87529ee85af4f7bf159298bd089344dbe0487c8ec0","publicItemSha256":"984367ee770a6fc48b429842d5c3fcd1f7f339b821d45dab68f39f4ebebeadcd","versions":[{"ref":"ans:6e625fbf-4b78-5617-9d51-1e23941a9665:v6","key":"6e625fbf-4b78-5617-9d51-1e23941a9665","version":6,"storedAnswerSha256":"fb1305084f9132d14bef3df69af8532709b35a951d2ef8686ac23a457deffd6b","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"31a69135a99a843bd45cbe054c35432a39201a367bd484a598114d487bfaa1b7","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"b1d5ab9d5c9d575353de59e43c88e1ccf0adce3f1226d7e50143a4bdcc46ca10","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

fr · succ.law.eu650.context

fr / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision France is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_3; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3268:3414 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:c509af8a-4120-5373-877d-a76dacdd5be8:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"France is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_3; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3268:3414","quote":"France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"bfc03b2bb09c011b66b33109a9f38acae8ace45a82c975db11b3a43f444e2197","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9d4bbb689505cd7ada96e1a4303021b318f4b751827d35d950ace3f18766f3a6","fingerprintSha256":"638de9644fc63648ba017e1bd11fffa5795bbfd5e41b8ca86dcceeefa25ab9ad"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"537bb968484333db569f71f496e123a969ef3e3d413ff6741940e7724c64823c","publicItemSha256":"d7b1e0ee27edf3c00c3223b3499742e5ce03fff169384c3f5ab4d7918cb450f7","versions":[{"ref":"ans:c509af8a-4120-5373-877d-a76dacdd5be8:v2","key":"c509af8a-4120-5373-877d-a76dacdd5be8","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"342b76a1ff5021f6d1a1d0a0275a8151af8ae1e09ad494c8b6c6398e34c8e94a","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"ef6c5ca3abdb593fce82cff484d31de9f2ec9f39417c136609ed010b8877662d","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"d00d719d2e15fe6b0f4f8f02d74841ffdb54a0cb6133653e7ab00cc0c272ebf3","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

fr · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

fr / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision For France, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_3; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3268:3414 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:0c6dd229-4338-5e5f-864e-366b1bc9c385:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"For France, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_3; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3268:3414","quote":"France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"bfc03b2bb09c011b66b33109a9f38acae8ace45a82c975db11b3a43f444e2197","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9d4bbb689505cd7ada96e1a4303021b318f4b751827d35d950ace3f18766f3a6","fingerprintSha256":"638de9644fc63648ba017e1bd11fffa5795bbfd5e41b8ca86dcceeefa25ab9ad"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"c07cc4d114fd54d49e080ed3adce7d8e8e9954f41ce2bebba76ffb5216ca8cf9","publicItemSha256":"9010a1a517e0081b115aa80ca98795cf67de6b758c401217834614f8e0f4c5b0","versions":[{"ref":"ans:0c6dd229-4338-5e5f-864e-366b1bc9c385:v2","key":"0c6dd229-4338-5e5f-864e-366b1bc9c385","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"58482629b241a8095efe7dd8068f026ee28ad06d1e37005c1698e071848dae87","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"0bbf88d95e36c0e1b3041b3676e7b69b3fd407e5836641664130414059499936","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"9105e07b36bfff181b005ee9907e248147c96b48495001b65bc79da38257d26d","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

il · succ.law.connecting

il / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.law.scission

il / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.law.choice

il / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.law.eu650.context

il / succ.law.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

il / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.law.connecting

us / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.law.scission

us / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.law.choice

us / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.law.eu650.context

us / succ.law.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

us / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.law.connecting

kz / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.law.scission

kz / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

kz · succ.law.choice

kz / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.law.eu650.context

kz / succ.law.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

kz · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

kz / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.law.connecting

it / succ.law.connecting Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision that of the last habitual residence or the chosen law of citizenship not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, arts. 21–22 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.connecting","text":"Which connecting factor of the deceased determines the law governing the succession by default (other than property governed by the law of its location)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:e8da9073-0547-5ea3-93b6-95d083f29938:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"that of the last habitual residence or the chosen law of citizenship","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, arts. 21–22","quote":"Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n2.\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.\nArticle 22\nChoice of law\n1.\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"797d2b82cbfde6ccf4f8115495fc8e77da764323a074ca9315787f761bf6f6b8","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"64a54011006a2d07c2d290f739b85f0ac27ad8324e3b0e68870818cce8dd31e7","fingerprintSha256":"7c2ab1e0171583502ab519a9b01a4dfb456803e7021d4534030e1a80c203de0c"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"it","question":"succ.law.connecting","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"c9b0eb1c4e12a61c0b06ba5bba3ad0d740f278d6fab188f326cd500c6e017edf","publicItemSha256":"a765f09f10bd292e2701120e5ecd8d5acbc41515a8e3aac1adbf2e56ec9487b3","versions":[{"ref":"ans:e8da9073-0547-5ea3-93b6-95d083f29938:v3","key":"e8da9073-0547-5ea3-93b6-95d083f29938","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"1594eaf3a234dabef488da7bb4afd0ed976fca36b087eb13d225dbedcb0b40db","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"b7a61bad0321a7d96c451f3cbb9c54516ad2c2e0431c9c0f98aafcb4324a7531","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"3b95cfde4ccffa26b7db013d6e91b3542ab3202514953a467bbfd9f2aab1e902","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

it · succ.law.scission

it / succ.law.scission Does the specified property pass under the law of the place where it is located, regardless of the general rule (scission of the estate) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Italy under Brussels IV follows the principle of unity movable and immovable, in any country not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 23(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.scission","text":"Does the specified property pass under the law of the place where it is located, regardless of the general rule (scission of the estate)","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:3b8edf1c-479f-5953-8459-3d330916d312:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Italy under Brussels IV follows the principle of unity","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"movable and immovable, in any country","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 23(1)","quote":"The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"5090f53377fdfd3d25add507020b82e6f732c5b2b419096a8ace791190efaa12","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9d44226ca8b6fc75344f1e84e7c60e44a37113ad5ffb32f3ea95e39a8cb43baf","fingerprintSha256":"6e087ba2ff8946637c843afb2223dbf52f823e171c097e51b95927846128cad6"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"it","question":"succ.law.scission","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"b6325473984b50b6884786a992455cad0385b6c8cf074ef785a551a54b54afa2","publicItemSha256":"503606281d18c17d698cf950662a1a08e22860da6cd755f6613d2d784e0111b8","versions":[{"ref":"ans:3b8edf1c-479f-5953-8459-3d330916d312:v3","key":"3b8edf1c-479f-5953-8459-3d330916d312","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"27ab3b1e67da0ce73df6719a3db273a79aecd8f52d10ec548c779cf301d9efca","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"68ce2e55a450b68b7a5938faa90841acb0fb03e390dd686cb49cf902bc1dfdb7","caveat":"0ea72c00e4a40526ddd2df045359821875d670cc0fd9661a9bb4902afd3ccd19"}}}]}}

it · succ.law.choice

it / succ.law.choice May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland. EU Succession Regulation — General information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true — Territorial application, general information Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Article22(1)-(2) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text — https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html — Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 22(1) Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.choice","text":"May the testator choose the law of their nationality in a will","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:531eda1b-2716-5e9f-a3ab-3b83f491d200:v6","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Yes. Under Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, a person may choose, for their succession as a whole, the law of a State whose nationality they possess when making the choice or at death. If they possess multiple nationalities, they may choose the law of any such State whose nationality they possess at either time. The choice must be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death, or be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"EU Succession Regulation — General information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/taking-legal-action/european-judicial-atlas-civil-matters/succession_en?init=true","locator":"Territorial application, general information","quote":"The Regulation applies in all Member States of the European Union with the exception of Denmark and Ireland.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"86b7c8b8c6639dea1d3aa0e57403a2a40186d683d1e5628e0a5c0e3dd4a1e674","quoteLiteralSha256":"e9422610c389f7dff7cc594661dffbcb28c9fafbb30f170a1a418f1e37c06433","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1204e102ca34c48a8f016b6f01f960fe8061aafb44bab59a7c6f1b77f22ce63a","fingerprintSha256":"9bcb6aca13284100ced328624c2af5a3b5dd138dd95df53ecee1cf1319928936"}},{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Article22(1)-(2)","quote":"Article 22\nChoice of law\n1.\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n2.\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"1d3ce0b54aec1a91ccb958a6c0a8f6da2ab0c6c14e7b1a3a8eebb12799ff9ada","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"ded8aec50f43696fcfb2edb71ec6a8792bed8f8758bcf8bcf1f70039bbb3571d","fingerprintSha256":"e081cf3e40f123c283a8441abd752d3d999e52dc96fd48444cc3b3f76cdb10d4"}},{"document":"Regulation(EU)650/2012 adopted text","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2012/650/adopted/data.html","locator":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012, art. 22(1)","quote":"A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8e54fbddd95fcd41c73cb9bfc3af0248f83a69a53af66582ccb5f5a780112162","quoteLiteralSha256":"8a8165839e99a7f94359ce18900a65966f0c52f6c100869e56dbee622ff7dd48","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a2af64056e2c43a57b5cb1f8b5b1cc37b2902c0043892805bd7f6605115bf85e","fingerprintSha256":"72b71a53570e44dbb6b69e42e6fed7a2affe1b3a37c2d0416c2e502397817245"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"it","question":"succ.law.choice","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"3bd5d9d6c170b1a4d7f2f919a0e8576baa08b04f39bff0032694c4383ad2a825","publicItemSha256":"aabc64a434f393051781c28db9ddcdd8bf8fe1c0040dccdbd9256a0ac3c96c06","versions":[{"ref":"ans:531eda1b-2716-5e9f-a3ab-3b83f491d200:v6","key":"531eda1b-2716-5e9f-a3ab-3b83f491d200","version":6,"storedAnswerSha256":"c8e6f3ee406f43c0e3f98f1bbb84d563cd96b9bbd380aea835ed1a6d7337a40c","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"31a69135a99a843bd45cbe054c35432a39201a367bd484a598114d487bfaa1b7","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"b1d5ab9d5c9d575353de59e43c88e1ccf0adce3f1226d7e50143a4bdcc46ca10","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

it · succ.law.eu650.context

it / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Italy is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_4; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3947:4091 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:493a61ad-2b8b-5183-b195-cde330467a37:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Italy is a participating Member State under Regulation (EU) No 650/2012. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_4; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3947:4091","quote":"Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"0a8bcd11668af68434d124616bc4ebcbb100521d13409d825e5031eab2fe44b3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a530285adb4f6c7f0f2919638efe6ebd53387e9f9f85ac805886c5990474e05","fingerprintSha256":"0b8defd71ede11caa70ab68b71e27d2b4c9b4c369002fb65d443fa9c102339e3"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"it","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"7066c29350b21cc03881731a9060eadbef477792c4ef789fb1984035cad00a29","publicItemSha256":"49ccba223ab03b31645a1deba807bfb17843c038481b56adfa6efeb4069d6708","versions":[{"ref":"ans:493a61ad-2b8b-5183-b195-cde330467a37:v2","key":"493a61ad-2b8b-5183-b195-cde330467a37","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"0c5d6da4dcf01850626d9be57d0c8777de7de1a8a6b5fc8e3f6cfd5b6c88be04","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"94ca969af5739cb23ab5dcb4c32ea6b102e41afbfc4ac4ba4c4fded983d70e5e","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"08595831a6ee7f37c946269ab6c542ab818bcba2cfda4e449ca48e8a714636be","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

it · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

it / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision For Italy, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_4; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3947:4091 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:706aabe2-f181-5220-b8fe-61dac930991c:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"For Italy, an ECS may be issued by a competent authority of a participating State for use in another participating State. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_4; current-official-snapshot-utf8:3947:4091","quote":"Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"0a8bcd11668af68434d124616bc4ebcbb100521d13409d825e5031eab2fe44b3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a530285adb4f6c7f0f2919638efe6ebd53387e9f9f85ac805886c5990474e05","fingerprintSha256":"0b8defd71ede11caa70ab68b71e27d2b4c9b4c369002fb65d443fa9c102339e3"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"it","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"e40c331a461866e0be375be90c8811b0e0b07fcbfed84e7616643853cf90903d","publicItemSha256":"3fd7e16842a62e983ed858a43893d8248a4eea15259ac58870b72b4e9763d95e","versions":[{"ref":"ans:706aabe2-f181-5220-b8fe-61dac930991c:v2","key":"706aabe2-f181-5220-b8fe-61dac930991c","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"a59fcd708737d870418f5676324377d446b7f46870e8c6f9e7adc543d8422bfd","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"3ddfecf51a87f6d4616e85c06714f9711d3f931f83cb20a16df2ca94b0dc0208","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"8d9f2219df7f4e77e57767c5649d4cb8c8661daa481cd26b26837424454b86a3","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

cn · succ.law.connecting

cn / succ.law.connecting: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.law.scission

cn / succ.law.scission: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.law.choice

cn / succ.law.choice: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.law.eu650.context

cn / succ.law.eu650.context What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision China does not participate in Regulation (EU) No 650/2012; it does not establish local jurisdiction or ECS issuance there. A participating forum may nevertheless designate its law under the Regulation’s universal conflict rules, without making that country a participant. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession. The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 20 Universal application Any law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 21 General rule 1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death. 2. Where, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 22 Choice of law 1. A person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. A person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death. 2. The choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition. 3. The substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law. 4. Any modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 23 The scope of the applicable law 1. The law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole. 2. That law shall govern in particular: (a) the causes, time and place of the opening of the succession; (b) the determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner; (c) the capacity to inherit; (d) disinheritance and disqualification by conduct; (e) the transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy; (f) the powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3); (g) liability for the debts under the succession; (h) the disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs; (i) any obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and (j) the sharing-out of the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 27 Formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing 1. A disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law: (a) of the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded; (b) of a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (c) of a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; (d) of the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or (e) in so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located. The determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State. 2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid. 3. For the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 30 Special rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets Where the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 34 Renvoi 1. The application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi: (a) to the law of a Member State; or (b) to the law of another third State which would apply its own law. 2. No renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 35 Public policy (ordre public) The application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 75 Relationship with existing international conventions 1. This Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation. In particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation. 3. This Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for: (a) rules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and (b) simplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority. European e-Justice: succession general information — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en — succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.law.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope of Regulation (EU) No 650/2012, applicable-law connecting factors, choice-of-law conditions and transitional provisions for this country?","section":"law"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:0a78334d-9c3e-5513-acd6-3ed0154ce6ca:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"China does not participate in Regulation (EU) No 650/2012; it does not establish local jurisdiction or ECS issuance there. A participating forum may nevertheless designate its law under the Regulation’s universal conflict rules, without making that country a participant. For successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015, a participating forum generally applies the law of the deceased’s habitual residence at death to the succession as a whole. Article 21(2) is exceptional: all the circumstances must clearly show that, at death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with another State. Article 22 permits a choice for the succession as a whole of the law of any State of nationality at choice or death, including where there are multiple nationalities and a non-EU State. The choice must be express in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or demonstrated by its terms; the chosen law governs the act’s substantive validity, and modification or revocation must meet the form requirements for modifying or revoking a disposition. Under Article 30, special restrictions for immovable property, enterprises or special asset categories on economic, family or social grounds apply under the law of their location only insofar as that law makes them applicable regardless of the law governing the succession. Article 34 permits third-State conflict rules to refer to the law of a participating State or another third State which would apply its own law; renvoi is excluded for Articles 21(2), 22, 27, 28(b) and 30. Article 35 permits refusal to apply a provision only where its application is manifestly incompatible with the forum’s public policy. Article 83(2) preserves a pre-17 August 2015 choice if it meets Chapter III or the conflict rules then in force in the State of habitual residence or any State of nationality of the deceased. Article 83(3) separately preserves the admissibility, substantive validity and form of an earlier disposition under Chapter III or the conflict rules in force when the disposition was made in the State of habitual residence, any State of nationality of the deceased, or the participating State whose authority deals with the succession. Under Article 83(4), an earlier disposition made in accordance with a law that could have been chosen under the Regulation deems that law chosen for the succession.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The disposition’s own formal and substantive validity require separate review. The law determined under Articles 21–22 governs, among other matters, beneficiaries’ shares, reserved shares and restoration or accounting for gifts when calculating shares (Article 23(2)); a choice is no promise of exemption from those rules. Tax, matrimonial property regimes, the nature of rights in rem and registration of rights are outside the Regulation. Written dispositions have alternative form connecting factors under Article 27, subject to Article 75(1): States party to the 1961 Hague Convention continue to apply it instead of Article 27 for wills and joint wills. Other conventions and the Regulation’s precedence between participating States are assessed under Article 75. This records the framework, not the law of a particular estate; habitual residence and nationalities, death and disposition dates, forum, assets, the particular legal system, testamentary wording, treaties, mandatory rules, procedure and registration remain unestablished.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 20; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17707:17853","quote":"Article 20\n\n \n\n \nUniversal application\n\n \n\n \nAny law specified by this Regulation shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Member State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"4d3d9fc8ff499b1cdfaba0b8a9f1e7036416e08558fe683dc430f6048918e187","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dd7d4ec97b000b434158d2b549fe3af7033d6b31af004c0f0dc33a715ffc7a05","fingerprintSha256":"d9b77bafef7c6490ade5bd1794d7c980e09c805f2692de7f0c934a49f0373dff"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 21; current-official-snapshot-utf8:17863:18439","quote":"Article 21\n\n \n\n \nGeneral rule\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUnless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be the law of the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere, by way of exception, it is clear from all the circumstances of the case that, at the time of death, the deceased was manifestly more closely connected with a State other than the State whose law would be applicable under paragraph 1, the law applicable to the succession shall be the law of that other State.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"3c7b8d2675fa5f2bb71d6a602d265b589d57092c513f5d6101864555e534206f","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7ef4c297746552aededdec80b493067f590036c2490317721dcd4152cdc5c0c4","fingerprintSha256":"2bcedc9cf67a2f19c6b18be0f8fefaf4fc8a6d09f6ab6cdb51694e04177724ae"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 22; current-official-snapshot-utf8:18452:19338","quote":"Article 22\n\n \n\n \nChoice of law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nA person may choose as the law to govern his succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n \nA person possessing multiple nationalities may choose the law of any of the States whose nationality he possesses at the time of making the choice or at the time of death.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe choice shall be made expressly in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death or shall be demonstrated by the terms of such a disposition.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe substantive validity of the act whereby the choice of law was made shall be governed by the chosen law.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nAny modification or revocation of the choice of law shall meet the requirements as to form for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a1d652690406107662a6a1ddc27dff93ef0ea522ad603aec67624acf8a425af","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a33901efb36e5baed29c1e49f9a7427a1e42c7cc480e33221f18a3b73469c8e0","fingerprintSha256":"2942e94cc8fe80b1f46243d41194dddef8d2c97a9adda8ca8b32cc9e45c3354a"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 23; current-official-snapshot-utf8:19351:21105","quote":"Article 23\n\n \n\n \nThe scope of the applicable law\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe law determined pursuant to Article 21 or Article 22 shall govern the succession as a whole.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThat law shall govern in particular:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe causes, time and place of the opening of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe determination of the beneficiaries, of their respective shares and of the obligations which may be imposed on them by the deceased, and the determination of other succession rights, including the succession rights of the surviving spouse or partner;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe capacity to inherit;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndisinheritance and disqualification by conduct;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nthe transfer to the heirs and, as the case may be, to the legatees of the assets, rights and obligations forming part of the estate, including the conditions and effects of the acceptance or waiver of the succession or of a legacy;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the heirs, the executors of the wills and other administrators of the estate, in particular as regards the sale of property and the payment of creditors, without prejudice to the powers referred to in Article 29(2) and (3);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nliability for the debts under the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe disposable part of the estate, the reserved shares and other restrictions on the disposal of property upon death as well as claims which persons close to the deceased may have against the estate or the heirs;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nany obligation to restore or account for gifts, advancements or legacies when determining the shares of the different beneficiaries; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe sharing-out of the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d4fc3757264ebefd13777dc21e948de809fcda0ddc5f2c33e8a18b0b34826d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1f7064debf916ca4eb5e42919b0c1184b9d091963e944a40ae8e3672963a2d28","fingerprintSha256":"02f87aadfbe24f1346c98d024912307f9445dc74817906d00ff4cb15dc88677e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 27; current-official-snapshot-utf8:24919:27321","quote":"Article 27\n\n \n\n \nFormal validity of dispositions of property upon death made in writing\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nA disposition of property upon death made in writing shall be valid as regards form if its form complies with the law:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the disposition was made or the agreement as to succession concluded;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nof a State whose nationality the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession possessed, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nof a State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his domicile, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nof the State in which the testator or at least one of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession had his habitual residence, either at the time when the disposition was made or the agreement concluded, or at the time of death; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nin so far as immovable property is concerned, of the State in which that property is located.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nThe determination of the question whether or not the testator or any person whose succession is concerned by the agreement as to succession had his domicile in a particular State shall be governed by the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nParagraph 1 shall also apply to dispositions of property upon death modifying or revoking an earlier disposition. The modification or revocation shall also be valid as regards form if it complies with any one of the laws according to the terms of which, under paragraph 1, the disposition of property upon death which has been modified or revoked was valid.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, any provision of law which limits the permitted forms of dispositions of property upon death by reference to the age, nationality or other personal conditions of the testator or of the persons whose succession is concerned by an agreement as to succession shall be deemed to pertain to matters of form. The same rule shall apply to the qualifications to be possessed by any witnesses required for the validity of a disposition of property upon death.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"8dc6855a23906c37d875d767a490afd37fe5f8f5f23e298753d5fc6731f5f069","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"680ca6720997c9e56c6f07f4b9a62d8782629d8bf96d098295b5d748d3670d25","fingerprintSha256":"0ab4df899d8e35d48df32c4794f1f52bb3785a4d781df0ed2abd303d2b38ea22"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 30; current-official-snapshot-utf8:31365:31956","quote":"Article 30\n\n \n\n \nSpecial rules imposing restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of certain assets\n\n \n\n \nWhere the law of the State in which certain immovable property, certain enterprises or other special categories of assets are located contains special rules which, for economic, family or social considerations, impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, those special rules shall apply to the succession in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"60a48e182ec91e1cae52a07c177c2b37ceef39aef439c3085d30a044d6e081d1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"700c8cdc3c1bdf2dda7b19b2b93eccd1f32a984a8db583d9a98cbb0049e57d44","fingerprintSha256":"3b7643f1849cf1ff6c60b98db7487926777e814be632c8e3ef412505b322eb76"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 34; current-official-snapshot-utf8:33531:34117","quote":"Article 34\n\n \n\n \nRenvoi\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe application of the law of any third State specified by this Regulation shall mean the application of the rules of law in force in that State, including its rules of private international law in so far as those rules make a renvoi:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of a Member State; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nto the law of another third State which would apply its own law.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNo renvoi shall apply with respect to the laws referred to in Article 21(2), Article 22, Article 27, point (b) of Article 28 and Article 30.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"497db502e0c3b527a1601e81af64b360c55d9599398274d03d9a8c8dc2a47d64","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"83854935bb6365bfb086760415d47f6c713ee90949d25236bc6769a04728f795","fingerprintSha256":"fafc778cb0b0780c1797c14a8a5dcbaa01a513f4616c873d276f04bf9d851935"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 35; current-official-snapshot-utf8:34130:34384","quote":"Article 35\n\n \n\n \nPublic policy (ordre public)\n\n \n\n \nThe application of a provision of the law of any State specified by this Regulation may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the forum.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"578cc047764a5e1f673bd19652929c1555dbf7a39d80abbc31469bcb20d315e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2335261b7e26a038001847cd2bc8762bcf58d643561addfad3983b447b0f8411","fingerprintSha256":"2f6c5dafc2bf4682159e775f0b5428f6de47a8c9bfe67765e57bfcab640bed75"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 75; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68267:69936","quote":"Article 75\n\n \n\n \nRelationship with existing international conventions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall not affect the application of international conventions to which one or more Member States are party at the time of adoption of this Regulation and which concern matters covered by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \nIn particular, Member States which are Contracting Parties to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions shall continue to apply the provisions of that Convention instead of Article 27 of this Regulation with regard to the formal validity of wills and joint wills.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nNotwithstanding paragraph 1, this Regulation shall, as between Member States, take precedence over conventions concluded exclusively between two or more of them in so far as such conventions concern matters governed by this Regulation.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThis Regulation shall not preclude the application of the Convention of 19 November 1934 between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden comprising private international law provisions on succession, wills and estate administration, as revised by the intergovernmental agreement between those States of 1 June 2012, by the Member States which are parties thereto, in so far as it provides for:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nrules on the procedural aspects of estate administration as defined by the Convention and assistance in that regard by the authorities of the States Contracting Parties to the Convention; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nsimplified and more expeditious procedures for the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7593f9883db4f546b5d4ca61d2042da145b2075771aa1fa07758e466890bb8dc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5753134acd3d7c5d5988ba8d2de5f63671bedf9d79e96422b151ed8ea2a622c5","fingerprintSha256":"9c624821e6cdc0aa8a6188d5beeb2acae551bd61a74b09354fa5a295d2748be2"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: succession general information","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession_en","locator":"succession_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1695:1904","quote":"These new rules apply to the succession of those who die on or after 17 August 2015. The Regulation ensures that a cross-border succession is treated coherently, under a single law and by one single authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ec8760c56eb0c3ab59e4897bf01125caf1157b00290d184535261f7ff428f955","quoteLiteralSha256":"f7934f965cf01c519c3eb65161f843c36b1056962ca8c37d85e5df17c2ecf767","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"58907b454787064b6091930cb604036a7ea8258bcaf6a906a6fd4b200e7131a4","fingerprintSha256":"f0708f6c914f03ee9be44414af66be72a5241fd3d42d2b911a5822332b1d272f"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"d34bc82f4e4a1d6a4006070d1526225240db60e57711baaec016c6c33f6c80fc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a303db96dd2002fa384da7318098c2ee482cca05d5e1e6fb63947b1b17777fb2","fingerprintSha256":"83ca60812d1dd79da00423b846d32aeb090e6cc129791cc667467583fab4c932"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"c470f7b36a793c3beab0882234cd746a4e977928568c18f291ef79e04babf225","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"98208e004e1e30c5bd9dfb16c127fbde49051318b49c29b30a533d431644ab76","fingerprintSha256":"a81ff087a22ac5286f270ca9730a378acb10ba1d7cc6e5489976d0236422aafb"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cn","question":"succ.law.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"9cf2a67ae50b7d489b92c39cc6a8cc6f5c50a81314dba1eaabe8b553d1cf42e9","publicItemSha256":"93bbf95b7933df7f4a0f2da3d977dae1e42acb9cb23f9d1b151638b161c3e8e7","versions":[{"ref":"ans:0a78334d-9c3e-5513-acd6-3ed0154ce6ca:v2","key":"0a78334d-9c3e-5513-acd6-3ed0154ce6ca","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"ea66bdd4abfd822bc418aeb1bba7ee3dcf83aa56c099964dd00440de8865c568","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"fe8074d1706228755033ae636a20a7e9149ca03ec08e54d297261966168fb4ef","caveat":"bf468f3c04db3e4cb5285747b35c3aace605d70a25b5ca679d6dd1b913c7f4a5"},"en":{"statement":"7673e6513a62e8d307f03b2af0255a3eb07b1cd35605b67cb8f23e3e0161185e","caveat":"de6285879d9e6159cc9e1fa5ee31532800d63aaf45549a12bfe357757027ca80"}}}]}}

cn · succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context

cn / succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Regulation No 650/2012 itself establishes neither local ECS issuance nor mandatory acceptance in China; the local documentary route requires separate review. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation. Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-17" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-17" Article 1 Scope 1. This Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters. 2. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation: (a) the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects; (b) the legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26; (c) questions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person; (d) questions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage; (e) maintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death; (f) the formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally; (g) property rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2); (h) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members; (i) the dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated; (j) the creation, administration and dissolution of trusts; (k) the nature of rights in rem; and (l) any recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 62 Creation of a European Certificate of Succession 1. This Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69. 2. The use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory. 3. The Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 63 Purpose of the Certificate 1. The Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate. 2. The Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following: (a) the status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate; (b) the attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate; (c) the powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 64 Competence to issue the Certificate The Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be: (a) a court as defined in Article 3(2); or (b) another authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 65 Application for a Certificate 1. The Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’). 2. For the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). 3. The application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2): (a) details concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death; (b) details concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any; (c) details concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity; (d) details of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address; (e) details of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address; (f) the intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63; (g) the contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable; (h) the elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased; (i) an indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (j) an indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original; (k) an indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession; (l) a declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified; (m) any other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 66 Examination of the application 1. Upon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary. 2. Where the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence. 3. Where this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath. 4. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights. 5. For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 67 Issue of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2). The issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if: (a) the elements to be certified are being challenged; or (b) the Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements. 2. The issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 69 Effects of the Certificate 1. The Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required. 2. The Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate. 3. Any person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 4. Where a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence. 5. The Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2). Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 70 Certified copies of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. 2. The issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1. 3. The certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 71 Rectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate 1. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error. 2. The issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate. 3. The issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 72 Redress procedures 1. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate. Decisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest. The challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State. 2. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority. If, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 73 Suspension of the effects of the Certificate 1. The effects of the Certificate may be suspended by: (a) the issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or (b) the judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge. 2. The issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate. During the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued. CHAPTER VII GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 74 Legalisation and other similar formalities No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Article 83 Transitional provisions 1. This Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015. 2. Where the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed. 3. A disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession. 4. If a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession. Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text — https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part= — Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141 Source date: 2012-07-04 Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next EU countries — official list page 1 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en — members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 EU countries — official list page 2 of 2 — https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1 — members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS). European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession — https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en — ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-17 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","text":"What are the recorded scope, issuance and presentation conditions of the European Certificate of Succession for this country and document type?","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:36cbe3da-2e97-5812-9697-905c299b7f1f:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Regulation No 650/2012 itself establishes neither local ECS issuance nor mandatory acceptance in China; the local documentary route requires separate review. The Regulation applies to successions of persons dying on or after 17 August 2015 (Article 83(1)); the death date in this case is unestablished. The Certificate is for heirs, legatees having direct rights, executors and estate administrators who need to invoke status, rights or powers in another participating State. It is issued in a participating State whose courts have jurisdiction under Articles 4, 7, 10 or 11, by a court or another nationally competent authority; the application and evidence are examined under Articles 65–66. The authority shall not issue it, in particular, where certified elements are challenged or it would conflict with a decision covering the same elements. Use is optional and it does not replace domestic documents; once issued for another participating State, it also has effects in the issuing State. In participating States Article 69 effects arise without special procedure: the certified elements and the stated status, rights or powers are presumed accurate. Its suitability for registration does not remove the Article 1(2)(k)–(l) exclusions for rights in rem and registers; Articles 71–73 govern correction, modification, withdrawal, challenges and suspension of effects. The original remains with the issuing authority; a certified copy is normally valid for six months with an expiry date stated on it. In an exceptional, duly justified case its initial validity may be longer; after expiry, an extension of the copy’s validity or a new certified copy is needed for use of the Certificate. This is not a general expiration period for the Certificate itself. Within the Regulation’s route Article 74 waives legalisation and similar formalities for documents issued in a participating State in its context; it does not remove all documentary requirements or itself bind a nonparticipating country to accept such documents without legalisation.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"Issuing and receiving authorities, document type, proceeding, entitlement, copy status, translation, asset registration and local requirements remain unestablished; a country flag cannot resolve them.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-17T20:02:52.023Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-17","checked":"2026-10-17","next_check":"2027-10-17","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1487:3717","quote":"Article 1\n\n \n\n \nScope\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to succession to the estates of deceased persons. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to point (c) of Article 23(2) and to Article 26;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to the disappearance, absence or presumed death of a natural person;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \nquestions relating to matrimonial property regimes and property regimes of relationships deemed by the law applicable to such relationships to have comparable effects to marriage;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \nmaintenance obligations other than those arising by reason of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe formal validity of dispositions of property upon death made orally;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nproperty rights, interests and assets created or transferred otherwise than by succession, for instance by way of gifts, joint ownership with a right of survivorship, pension plans, insurance contracts and arrangements of a similar nature, without prejudice to point (i) of Article 23(2);\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nquestions governed by the law of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, such as clauses in the memoranda of association and articles of association of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, which determine what will happen to the shares upon the death of the members;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nthe dissolution, extinction and merger of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nthe creation, administration and dissolution of trusts;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nthe nature of rights in rem; and\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \nany recording in a register of rights in immovable or movable property, including the legal requirements for such recording, and the effects of recording or failing to record such rights in a register.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"071d51e6c144249812682759c38012848438c71cc015fc55b22a0d747999cbdc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d0c01887c6d739e4fb6d852d577601ef5ce931c143b9f18d055511902f6faa63","fingerprintSha256":"348129d8d7026509a630c78ae43a622d726dff640acaa55421012c0d048007af"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 62; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51009:51705","quote":"Article 62\n\n \n\n \nCreation of a European Certificate of Succession\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation creates a European Certificate of Succession (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Certificate’) which shall be issued for use in another Member State and shall produce the effects listed in Article 69.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe use of the Certificate shall not be mandatory.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe Certificate shall not take the place of internal documents used for similar purposes in the Member States. However, once issued for use in another Member State, the Certificate shall also produce the effects listed in Article 69 in the Member State whose authorities issued it in accordance with this Chapter.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"249db5e3d472e0b07af6903a63702ed47cb317b8239cd31a15e6f813c26719ed","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"51880b53c2c387db198ecd6020aa3cac288665d7e8d7c55b8e80592c84337d02","fingerprintSha256":"e66e0221c8083692ad80fc9d12a1e6ae7ef20cd3f283a634546a8d138f1ca873"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 63; current-official-snapshot-utf8:51718:52708","quote":"Article 63\n\n \n\n \nPurpose of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate is for use by heirs, legatees having direct rights in the succession and executors of wills or administrators of the estate who, in another Member State, need to invoke their status or to exercise respectively their rights as heirs or legatees and/or their powers as executors of wills or administrators of the estate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\n \nThe Certificate may be used, in particular, to demonstrate one or more of the following:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe status and/or the rights of each heir or, as the case may be, each legatee mentioned in the Certificate and their respective shares of the estate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe attribution of a specific asset or specific assets forming part of the estate to the heir(s) or, as the case may be, the legatee(s) mentioned in the Certificate;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \nthe powers of the person mentioned in the Certificate to execute the will or administer the estate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"51ac0c60ef69226bec2e2ff19ba5e062ea06820516542daab71d51fc96324ea3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"575dcb880bf47a764d7a0b79faadc19fc04df6b814547df7bb740556663b1598","fingerprintSha256":"bfddbec7d221df8c88b37ce2b01f29497b7d66b4c95d61674954e002c0bda109"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 64; current-official-snapshot-utf8:52730:53138","quote":"Article 64\n\n \n\n \nCompetence to issue the Certificate\n\n \n\n \nThe Certificate shall be issued in the Member State whose courts have jurisdiction under Article 4, Article 7, Article 10 or Article 11. The issuing authority shall be:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \na court as defined in Article 3(2); or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nanother authority which, under national law, has competence to deal with matters of succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7d185ab1e04d7e5c7e6ea038177a55976a9355f5b51d20ad3666c1f742cb8fd4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"08556e6a9fa54bfa5025832299d8a1b01d6454742cae7cf736c8f92f74d62bcf","fingerprintSha256":"da0de5a5ad61e28be51e01e1757ccda92bf9bbbcc3e6059dccb1b42fd4bf212c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 65; current-official-snapshot-utf8:53154:56717","quote":"Article 65\n\n \n\n \nApplication for a Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall be issued upon application by any person referred to in Article 63(1) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the applicant’).\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nFor the purposes of submitting an application, the applicant may use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\n \nThe application shall contain the information listed below, to the extent that such information is within the applicant’s knowledge and is necessary in order to enable the issuing authority to certify the elements which the applicant wants certified, and shall be accompanied by all relevant documents either in the original or by way of copies which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, without prejudice to Article 66(2):\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the deceased: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address at the time of death, date and place of death;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the applicant: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable), address and relationship to the deceased, if any;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (c) \n\n \n\n \ndetails concerning the representative of the applicant, if any: surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), address and representative capacity;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (d) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of the spouse or partner of the deceased and, if applicable, ex-spouse(s) or ex-partner(s): surname (if applicable, surname at birth), given name(s), sex, date and place of birth, civil status, nationality, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (e) \n\n \n\n \ndetails of other possible beneficiaries under a disposition of property upon death and/or by operation of law: surname and given name(s) or organisation name, identification number (if applicable) and address;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (f) \n\n \n\n \nthe intended purpose of the Certificate in accordance with Article 63;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (g) \n\n \n\n \nthe contact details of the court or other competent authority which is dealing with or has dealt with the succession as such, if applicable;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (h) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements on which the applicant founds, as appropriate, his claimed right to succession property as a beneficiary and/or his right to execute the will of the deceased and/or to administer the estate of the deceased;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (i) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had made a disposition of property upon death; if neither the original nor a copy is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (j) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether the deceased had entered into a marriage contract or into a contract regarding a relationship which may have comparable effects to marriage; if neither the original nor a copy of the contract is appended, an indication regarding the location of the original;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (k) \n\n \n\n \nan indication of whether any of the beneficiaries has made a declaration concerning acceptance or waiver of the succession;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (l) \n\n \n\n \na declaration stating that, to the applicant’s best knowledge, no dispute is pending relating to the elements to be certified;\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (m) \n\n \n\n \nany other information which the applicant deems useful for the purposes of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"afea0997ef931defb467298cf2f2ac3d9024aadd44f0633b2512c226d1eb0aa7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2a103f14ad9dc98dcf4a4e0955f3cf395095afde307e8895b4c70e2388a9bc96","fingerprintSha256":"0396c6c18706acbf5b8b71387ff15b95c918f92600d24dde1741cfda3cecbb8b"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 66; current-official-snapshot-utf8:56739:58595","quote":"Article 66\n\n \n\n \nExamination of the application\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nUpon receipt of the application the issuing authority shall verify the information and declarations and the documents and other evidence provided by the applicant. It shall carry out the enquiries necessary for that verification of its own motion where this is provided for or authorised by its own law, or shall invite the applicant to provide any further evidence which it deems necessary.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the applicant has been unable to produce copies of the relevant documents which satisfy the conditions necessary to establish their authenticity, the issuing authority may decide to accept other forms of evidence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nWhere this is provided for by its own law and subject to the conditions laid down therein, the issuing authority may require that declarations be made on oath or by a statutory declaration in lieu of an oath.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the application for a Certificate. It shall, if necessary for the establishment of the elements to be certified, hear any person involved and any executor or administrator and make public announcements aimed at giving other possible beneficiaries the opportunity to invoke their rights.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nFor the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Member State shall, upon request, provide the issuing authority of another Member State with information held, in particular, in the land registers, the civil status registers and registers recording documents and facts of relevance for the succession or for the matrimonial property regime or an equivalent property regime of the deceased, where that competent authority would be authorised, under national law, to provide another national authority with such information.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a93943f0e6ff11559000e782dd85f93490b5afacf5cbd42b068f22862ceee150","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0624f6eb6a952613ba4a0fbd9669b64a553525632c8dbfe4bad908550429eeca","fingerprintSha256":"d27d007d9bb145cfc09766a1fb114672937ae2fd5e2a7f4a20356675d698dd6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 67; current-official-snapshot-utf8:58608:59447","quote":"Article 67\n\n \n\n \nIssue of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall issue the Certificate without delay in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter when the elements to be certified have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. It shall use the form established in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 81(2).\n\n \n\n \nThe issuing authority shall not issue the Certificate in particular if:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe elements to be certified are being challenged; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe Certificate would not be in conformity with a decision covering the same elements.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall take all necessary steps to inform the beneficiaries of the issue of the Certificate.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7ef3894949b18e1e96db05b4e83ffee22a5936a67a7e4f183e3c41942d6aea28","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1866c50bcafff48438969cc70cb92297547df5e929b7ed12ca294b2db5da207d","fingerprintSha256":"2f14adf31fede4ab881ac6fc1ff6825f200290538d07376ed4d468241328f58f"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 69; current-official-snapshot-utf8:62203:64099","quote":"Article 69\n\n \n\n \nEffects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe Certificate shall produce its effects in all Member States, without any special procedure being required.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe Certificate shall be presumed to accurately demonstrate elements which have been established under the law applicable to the succession or under any other law applicable to specific elements. The person mentioned in the Certificate as the heir, legatee, executor of the will or administrator of the estate shall be presumed to have the status mentioned in the Certificate and/or to hold the rights or the powers stated in the Certificate, with no conditions and/or restrictions being attached to those rights or powers other than those stated in the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nAny person who, acting on the basis of the information certified in a Certificate, makes payments or passes on property to a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to accept payment or property shall be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to accept payment or property, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nWhere a person mentioned in the Certificate as authorised to dispose of succession property disposes of such property in favour of another person, that other person shall, if acting on the basis of the information certified in the Certificate, be considered to have transacted with a person with authority to dispose of the property concerned, unless he knows that the contents of the Certificate are not accurate or is unaware of such inaccuracy due to gross negligence.\n\n \n\n \n\n 5. \n\nThe Certificate shall constitute a valid document for the recording of succession property in the relevant register of a Member State, without prejudice to points (k) and (l) of Article 1(2).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"aeb3e97f76b87f4ab43ebd134be91783efbc498bfb23c770b6139a929309ab16","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0a12efe3f879c5823e2ceff82b46ac03d78e5e747495fe9024625e69b2e987e7","fingerprintSha256":"6fd2c8ec8918e88e9510c8084d0974861205b26ff66c7754cfa9b6368e9e57f6"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 70; current-official-snapshot-utf8:64112:65138","quote":"Article 70\n\n \n\n \nCertified copies of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall keep the original of the Certificate and shall issue one or more certified copies to the applicant and to any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, for the purposes of Articles 71(3) and 73(2), keep a list of persons to whom certified copies have been issued pursuant to paragraph 1.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe certified copies issued shall be valid for a limited period of six months, to be indicated in the certified copy by way of an expiry date. In exceptional, duly justified cases, the issuing authority may, by way of derogation, decide that the period of validity is to be longer. Once this period has elapsed, any person in possession of a certified copy must, in order to be able to use the Certificate for the purposes indicated in Article 63, apply for an extension of the period of validity of the certified copy or request a new certified copy from the issuing authority.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"a37f1456406377c38f326f67d1bc11106ae99bc806ec58af4fc44b7bd444f7b7","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7869c5c5b88edf38ead9d9a0b603ac58b47bd66222fcdbc994f0a7337b846436","fingerprintSha256":"5f5a4373d613d0cadd9242bc16fbcfc7faf7de138e1ccf3698d246ea9645ad6e"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 71; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65151:65951","quote":"Article 71\n\n \n\n \nRectification, modification or withdrawal of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or of its own motion, rectify the Certificate in the event of a clerical error.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority shall, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest or, where this is possible under national law, of its own motion, modify or withdraw the Certificate where it has been established that the Certificate or individual elements thereof are not accurate.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nThe issuing authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any rectification, modification or withdrawal thereof.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"6bfad581d5a0a4ea854573773d2ad6d93be801bb5509d93e2df578a761edf219","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f6219a9bb0ac524a35f1a925358dfe3212e13101004f800f8b2e1418f9bc6458","fingerprintSha256":"264168fd3b9e22bef902d46585e42b58f2a3f9b6c887067f51903050cc758a0c"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 72; current-official-snapshot-utf8:65964:67059","quote":"Article 72\n\n \n\n \nRedress procedures\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 67 may be challenged by any person entitled to apply for a Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDecisions taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 71 and point (a) of Article 73(1) may be challenged by any person demonstrating a legitimate interest.\n\n \nThe challenge shall be lodged before a judicial authority in the Member State of the issuing authority in accordance with the law of that State.\n\n \n\n 2. \n\nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the Certificate issued is not accurate, the competent judicial authority shall rectify, modify or withdraw the Certificate or ensure that it is rectified, modified or withdrawn by the issuing authority.\n\n \n\n \nIf, as a result of a challenge as referred to in paragraph 1, it is established that the refusal to issue the Certificate was unjustified, the competent judicial authority shall issue the Certificate or ensure that the issuing authority re-assesses the case and makes a fresh decision.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"41f5e53902e0419dfff974f7f21ca172c4cf4ed6d905098f2f82402fe418fbf5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e2bb77eb5ed9062206dc9e8d1f306502719a9f6daa2730732a82e32e58302855","fingerprintSha256":"b05f550f3f8bfad1fbe0d7ac2d914c0d8589ea67f6a9db328a8b1bdd03635486"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 73; current-official-snapshot-utf8:67069:68040","quote":"Article 73\n\n \n\n \nSuspension of the effects of the Certificate\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\n \nThe effects of the Certificate may be suspended by:\n\n \n\n \n\n (a) \n\n \n\n \nthe issuing authority, at the request of any person demonstrating a legitimate interest, pending a modification or withdrawal of the Certificate pursuant to Article 71; or\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n (b) \n\n \n\n \nthe judicial authority, at the request of any person entitled to challenge a decision taken by the issuing authority pursuant to Article 72, pending such a challenge.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nThe issuing authority or, as the case may be, the judicial authority shall without delay inform all persons to whom certified copies of the Certificate have been issued pursuant to Article 70(1) of any suspension of the effects of the Certificate.\n\n \n\n \nDuring the suspension of the effects of the Certificate no further certified copies of the Certificate may be issued.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \nCHAPTER VII\n\n \n\n GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"7264e0494089759454dceb782ed9e12389e9bf987993c876019f573abda51d57","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c43e8a235c3d821ee8dba7059a2283f724fee3cf6d1502b6455d1f736e765e7","fingerprintSha256":"d423cb3932f15db90f100715521f42616416e668449d44417f04ec309ba26927"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 74; current-official-snapshot-utf8:68047:68257","quote":"Article 74\n\n \n\n \nLegalisation and other similar formalities\n\n \n\n \nNo legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of documents issued in a Member State in the context of this Regulation.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"07d8f3c783b5a2e4b77eb72c7f564d3cd9e574c2a6552e27082fcde701533dbd","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"508fddb57e1f452bc1033f209a03ef49d28220947817bef2cc4e2ed45e79deb2","fingerprintSha256":"b0d47c62dda8d9912d472a619a0f71f9172572a7088f3ffb32775a0c964d08fc"}},{"document":"Regulation (EU) 650/2012 — current consolidated English text","url":"https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=06e4940f-eb4f-4e63-8e29-c3b9c0bd45af&format=xhtml&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=","locator":"Article 83; current-official-snapshot-utf8:74702:76141","quote":"Article 83\n\n \n\n \nTransitional provisions\n\n \n\n \n\n 1. \n\nThis Regulation shall apply to the succession of persons who die on or after 17 August 2015.\n\n \n\n \n\n 2. \n\nWhere the deceased had chosen the law applicable to his succession prior to 17 August 2015, that choice shall be valid if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is valid in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the choice was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed.\n\n \n\n \n\n 3. \n\nA disposition of property upon death made prior to 17 August 2015 shall be admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form if it meets the conditions laid down in Chapter III or if it is admissible and valid in substantive terms and as regards form in application of the rules of private international law which were in force, at the time the disposition was made, in the State in which the deceased had his habitual residence or in any of the States whose nationality he possessed or in the Member State of the authority dealing with the succession.\n\n \n\n \n\n 4. \n\nIf a disposition of property upon death was made prior to 17 August 2015 in accordance with the law which the deceased could have chosen in accordance with this Regulation, that law shall be deemed to have been chosen as the law applicable to the succession.","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":"2012-07-04","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"dd2382b4c960d2d8adbf344ef95cb4dfca8cb9ca87a9df56de4c2aaa75d3add2","quoteLiteralSha256":"9f4ef3221b03a47419690a2cb5d0315ed50ec9bb6b8c48adba232c102c36c2fe","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"57b749f6a4b58661fd310f37f99116fc218601bc51e709f2aa3d8bcbce08e733","fingerprintSha256":"f988e5822756d74010394dff8241eb7de2460d599cf3eb81d624cb79890af884"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 1 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en","locator":"members_complete_page1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:4855","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 1 to 20 Austria EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Austria’s participation in the EU. Belgium EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Belgium’s participation in the EU. Bulgaria EU Member State since 2007, Euro area member since 2026, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Bulgaria's participation in the EU. Croatia EU Member State since 2013, Euro area member since 2023, Schengen area member since 2023 and more about Croatia’s participation in the EU. Cyprus EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, and more about Cyprus’s participation in the EU. Czechia EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Czechia’s participation in the EU. Denmark EU Member State since 1973, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Denmark’s participation in the EU. Estonia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2011, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Estonia’s participation in the EU. Finland EU Member State since 1995, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Finland’s participation in the EU. France EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about France’s participation in the EU. Germany EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Germany’s participation in the EU. Greece EU Member State since 1981, Euro area member since 2001, Schengen area member since 2000 and more about Greece’s participation in the EU. Hungary EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Hungary’s participation in the EU. Ireland EU Member State since 1973, Euro area member since 1999 and more about Ireland’s participation in the EU. Italy EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1997 and more about Italy’s participation in the EU. Latvia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2014, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Latvia’s participation in the EU. Lithuania EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2015, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Lithuania’s participation in the EU. Luxembourg EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Luxembourg’s participation in the EU. Malta EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2008, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Malta’s participation in the EU. Netherlands EU Member State since 1958, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Dutch participation in the EU. 1 Page 1 2 Next ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"4c9d14844d11a298c317ada543bdb09e3044c946a18ec9d9f7b081fb173909cf","quoteLiteralSha256":"d34bc82f4e4a1d6a4006070d1526225240db60e57711baaec016c6c33f6c80fc","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a303db96dd2002fa384da7318098c2ee482cca05d5e1e6fb63947b1b17777fb2","fingerprintSha256":"83ca60812d1dd79da00423b846d32aeb090e6cc129791cc667467583fab4c932"}},{"document":"EU countries — official list page 2 of 2","url":"https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en?page=1","locator":"members_complete_page2; current-official-snapshot-utf8:1980:2979","quote":"Pages (27) RSS Showing results 20 to 27 Poland EU Member State since 2004, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Poland’s participation in the EU. Portugal EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Portugal’s participation in the EU. Romania EU Member State since 2007, Schengen area member since 2024 and more about Romania’s participation in the EU. Slovakia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area member since 2009, Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovakia’s participation in the EU. Slovenia EU Member State since 2004, Euro area and Schengen area member since 2007 and more about Slovenia’s participation in the EU. Spain EU Member State since 1986, Euro area member since 1999, Schengen area member since 1995 and more about Spain’s participation in the EU. Sweden EU Member State since 1995, Schengen area member since 2001 and more about Sweden’s participation in the EU. Previous 1 2 Page 2 ","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"6ace975339b612895ca99ed6cae36c16cddcee4bd69eedd9b25e3e0b98cf49be","quoteLiteralSha256":"c470f7b36a793c3beab0882234cd746a4e977928568c18f291ef79e04babf225","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"98208e004e1e30c5bd9dfb16c127fbde49051318b49c29b30a533d431644ab76","fingerprintSha256":"a81ff087a22ac5286f270ca9730a378acb10ba1d7cc6e5489976d0236422aafb"}},{"document":"European e-Justice: European Certificate of Succession","url":"https://online-forms.e-justice.europa.eu/online-forms/european-certificate-succession_en","locator":"ecs_1; current-official-snapshot-utf8:971:1122","quote":"The Regulation applies between all Member States except Denmark and Ireland. The Regulation also introduces a European Certificate of Succession (ECS).","language":"en","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-17","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"ab1cf21acddf643d957a2e18b982774cb0ef9deb6991a1047ef7e7e8a42865c4","quoteLiteralSha256":"10f466403e47d34bef994fde1edc9c1d88c679c8f6cbf430b6ee7695c9c75b4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"2754b3a6820e84f92dc2937423aa1d6986d37f56d683c61875069c8964527cab","fingerprintSha256":"635dc8551cbc1bf6ef86bf740ae771879d4dc23d071f65f312f1df83af5d57a0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cn","question":"succ.doc.ecs.eu650.context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"b7eccbdcb4540599e5e2cbadbb36894a1aed15a1f3ed9b23069e835a3509b519","publicItemSha256":"944fbcef0354295d05c25388cb2d118c7a118df3784e2823a19efcc51a43e069","versions":[{"ref":"ans:36cbe3da-2e97-5812-9697-905c299b7f1f:v2","key":"36cbe3da-2e97-5812-9697-905c299b7f1f","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"e8f7016a31ee8dee39d56d0686168c881ed62c48ec5d6fc348ab1e42beba9a9a","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"db24450a7ffe11d71abc1ec514a43396210155b2482649f3c46b32ed4e0c30df","caveat":"e0ff134784ecd91f85d16533e3f77d70d1f55e31fbdc812cdda95cab981b377e"},"en":{"statement":"2a94c32e0b7db8847b688415ec3d28285b0ccc0ceb0fcdb32ff73e911a1f0ae5","caveat":"d0058316761d79f923efffb7eca152544f3c39abc1de3c0cf46fe6b75e3b7e19"}}}]}}

ru · succ.forced.exists

ru / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.circle

ru / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.children

ru / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.spouse

ru / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.fraction

ru / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.form

ru / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.clawback

ru / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.lookback

ru / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.waiver

ru / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [native_review_binding_missing]

ru · succ.forced.provision

ru / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.prevails

ru / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.forced.aggregate.share

ru / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.exists

ae / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.circle

ae / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

ae · succ.forced.children

ae / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

ae · succ.forced.spouse

ae / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.fraction

ae / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.form

ae / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.clawback

ae / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

ae · succ.forced.lookback

ae / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.waiver

ae / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.provision

ae / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.prevails

ae / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.forced.aggregate.share

ae / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.exists

cy / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.circle

cy / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cy · succ.forced.children

cy / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cy · succ.forced.spouse

cy / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.fraction

cy / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.form

cy / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.clawback

cy / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cy · succ.forced.lookback

cy / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.waiver

cy / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cy · succ.forced.provision

cy / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.prevails

cy / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.forced.aggregate.share

cy / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.exists

gb / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.circle

gb / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.forced.children

gb / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.forced.spouse

gb / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.fraction

gb / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.form

gb / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.clawback

gb / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.forced.lookback

gb / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.waiver

gb / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.forced.provision

gb / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.prevails

gb / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.forced.aggregate.share

gb / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.exists

ch / succ.forced.exists Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Half the statutory share for descendants and the spouse or registered partner (Art. 471, since 1.1.2023); parents' reserve abolished not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" for any issue, three-quarters of their statutory succession rights; 2. for each parent, one-half; Swiss Civil Code (2022 version) — https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/24/233_245_233/20220101/en/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-24-233_245_233-20220101-en-html.html — Swiss Civil Code Art. 471, 2022 text Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 A person who is survived by issue, a spouse or a registered partner may make a disposition mortis causa of that part of his or her property which exceeds the statutory entitlement of the survivor or survivors. Swiss Civil Code — https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/24/233_245_233/20260101/en/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-24-233_245_233-20260101-en-html.html — Swiss Civil Code Art. 470 Source date: 2026-01-01 Checked: 2026-10-07 The statutory entitlement is one-half of the statutory succession rights. Swiss Civil Code — https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/24/233_245_233/20260101/en/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-24-233_245_233-20260101-en-html.html — Swiss Civil Code Art. 471 Source date: 2026-01-01 Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.exists","text":"Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:6ced08b6-abb7-52ff-ab9c-b6003d3f6a1d:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Half the statutory share for descendants and the spouse or registered partner (Art. 471, since 1.1.2023); parents' reserve abolished","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Swiss Civil Code (2022 version)","url":"https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/24/233_245_233/20220101/en/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-24-233_245_233-20220101-en-html.html","locator":"Swiss Civil Code Art. 471, 2022 text","quote":"for any issue, three-quarters of their statutory succession rights;\n2.\nfor each parent, one-half;","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"b28242aecc8b1805c340ac010a6f2049561b2953144d400a3c0a6aadd05bcdfb","quoteLiteralSha256":"234a13a0ef5926827495954948df37bde4ad2144959808bea0044450a55de908","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"eb9f24bea97885d5761cf51ce00582c4f966510d68058ec6a694430f9e807c06","fingerprintSha256":"3d7a732ea28e0815735141b24c7c7db6e8c9855eb6911a9b08a8d9a4379b335a"}},{"document":"Swiss Civil Code","url":"https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/24/233_245_233/20260101/en/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-24-233_245_233-20260101-en-html.html","locator":"Swiss Civil Code Art. 470","quote":"A person who is survived by issue, a spouse or a registered partner may make a disposition mortis causa of that part of his or her property which exceeds the statutory entitlement of the survivor or survivors.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2026-01-01","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"a22ba13e3baa774d003ba175c64ec5eceab1e97d0ceb3fa55926fb39fd30ee53","quoteLiteralSha256":"597148785e5d59b949fd9df43f679da62679e2a71c2d44bc2fb72f0897e08922","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"958109d79b58236aa5cd6284a8bb1958d28781aed40ce263b73c56bef975aef0","fingerprintSha256":"dc0f4879486f0cabeeee05d403737ac348af915f1a35051c8bd4a62607662384"}},{"document":"Swiss Civil Code","url":"https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/24/233_245_233/20260101/en/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-24-233_245_233-20260101-en-html.html","locator":"Swiss Civil Code Art. 471","quote":"The statutory entitlement is one-half of the statutory succession rights.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":"2026-01-01","source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"a22ba13e3baa774d003ba175c64ec5eceab1e97d0ceb3fa55926fb39fd30ee53","quoteLiteralSha256":"5ff3c0eb86004a79fface12d1a9511e8e0f83db8780cee231b8a616c3d382b98","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9c0bc08315235dd6d3f146ba406fe052def4404462abdedcdb4e95ca07c37f00","fingerprintSha256":"dfb4bd9175c5b4f0a3788548f74a6b5d23a911192cb702dfb3ce82b38ca534c6"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"ch","question":"succ.forced.exists","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"a02f5ff6004e781aa0390dfcf161f6bec310727dd2123ea9156e255e4ad6b7ae","publicItemSha256":"59d2c554b7c72e966ad9cbcfcacf6bc44c60d11d52df65491a24bf25d637d28d","versions":[{"ref":"ans:6ced08b6-abb7-52ff-ab9c-b6003d3f6a1d:v3","key":"6ced08b6-abb7-52ff-ab9c-b6003d3f6a1d","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"37c32129ed5664c347883da5471856a7f96ac32a9b9c6d8da69c45b2e74ea535","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"bc38e0c91c684bfd979b12f96b1a8d60cfffd3201ec0a2778e4a527cf6a32f8e","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"1673ab7354b3a112d612fddcc61c5f07f5cc9cb992e595d0eeacb9db67e029fa","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

ch · succ.forced.circle

ch / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.children

ch / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.spouse

ch / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.fraction

ch / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ch · succ.forced.form

ch / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

ch · succ.forced.clawback

ch / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.lookback

ch / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.waiver

ch / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ch · succ.forced.provision

ch / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

ch · succ.forced.prevails

ch / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.forced.aggregate.share

ch / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.exists

es / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.circle

es / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

es · succ.forced.children

es / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

es · succ.forced.spouse

es / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.fraction

es / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.form

es / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.clawback

es / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

es · succ.forced.lookback

es / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.waiver

es / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.provision

es / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.prevails

es / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.forced.aggregate.share

es / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.exists

pt / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.circle

pt / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

pt · succ.forced.children

pt / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

pt · succ.forced.spouse

pt / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.fraction

pt / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.form

pt / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.clawback

pt / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [native_review_binding_missing]

pt · succ.forced.lookback

pt / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.waiver

pt / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

pt · succ.forced.provision

pt / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.prevails

pt / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.forced.aggregate.share

pt / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.forced.exists

de / succ.forced.exists Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Pflichtteil for descendants, spouse and parents: half the statutory share, as a money claim (§ 2303 BGB) not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Ist ein Abkömmling des Erblassers durch Verfügung von Todes wegen von der Erbfolge ausgeschlossen, so kann er von dem Erben den Pflichtteil verlangen. Der Pflichtteil besteht in der Hälfte des Wertes des gesetzlichen Erbteils. (2) Das gleiche Recht steht den Eltern und dem Ehegatten des Erblassers zu gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html — BGB § 2303 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.exists","text":"Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:5ca2f9bb-b35d-53ec-bbc0-645a95e81c33:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Pflichtteil for descendants, spouse and parents: half the statutory share, as a money claim (§ 2303 BGB)","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html","locator":"BGB § 2303","quote":"Ist ein Abkömmling des Erblassers durch Verfügung von Todes wegen von der Erbfolge ausgeschlossen, so kann er von dem Erben den Pflichtteil verlangen. Der Pflichtteil besteht in der Hälfte des Wertes des gesetzlichen Erbteils.\n(2) Das gleiche Recht steht den Eltern und dem Ehegatten des Erblassers zu","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"46bbe3dbb75793a0727d003a8f71155e9dd54a31f0350f34cdcfe0965800e435","quoteLiteralSha256":"047a9c4f9ccbbf6f37ea2462838cbc66119705fa2f9287aa0fcc0dbffb1a3135","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d2ac58a65772e7eff634437a0f35f2a9c51edc5a419b6fd0037b4b7c4d679488","fingerprintSha256":"ce32d6d105645c0d818f6eb1c89d4077334f412c37532354bbb83bf69f621473"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.forced.exists","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"22588e7185348ee9efc0a201397ad2b89b267b36c9351ff29d71463cb51cf2e5","publicItemSha256":"c14f27f5aacc8b18f5febaffa91bb4ed244a34d473fb22cf0b6920d893a6a140","versions":[{"ref":"ans:5ca2f9bb-b35d-53ec-bbc0-645a95e81c33:v3","key":"5ca2f9bb-b35d-53ec-bbc0-645a95e81c33","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"90e72cd6e84ca8722981d4a400d7844c32f5b65a6e5bbfab17578725ebc18ed5","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"1dcb4d83e38fa752b29f4ab9512581b6b8388b1db5fa566bf39222f07c24dd3e","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"abcf2a2feafc8aa3bbc116d5f3aef17710076ece54514e87c7bb87bee6bef07f","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

de · succ.forced.circle

de / succ.forced.circle Who are the forced heirs Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Descendants, spouse, parents not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Ist ein Abkömmling des Erblassers durch Verfügung von Todes wegen von der Erbfolge ausgeschlossen, so kann er von dem Erben den Pflichtteil verlangen. Der Pflichtteil besteht in der Hälfte des Wertes des gesetzlichen Erbteils. (2) Das gleiche Recht steht den Eltern und dem Ehegatten des Erblassers zu gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html — BGB § 2303 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.circle","text":"Who are the forced heirs","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:c8f4bac0-0e23-54aa-bc9a-ab2f5b9c7faa:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Descendants, spouse, parents","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html","locator":"BGB § 2303","quote":"Ist ein Abkömmling des Erblassers durch Verfügung von Todes wegen von der Erbfolge ausgeschlossen, so kann er von dem Erben den Pflichtteil verlangen. Der Pflichtteil besteht in der Hälfte des Wertes des gesetzlichen Erbteils.\n(2) Das gleiche Recht steht den Eltern und dem Ehegatten des Erblassers zu","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"46bbe3dbb75793a0727d003a8f71155e9dd54a31f0350f34cdcfe0965800e435","quoteLiteralSha256":"047a9c4f9ccbbf6f37ea2462838cbc66119705fa2f9287aa0fcc0dbffb1a3135","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d2ac58a65772e7eff634437a0f35f2a9c51edc5a419b6fd0037b4b7c4d679488","fingerprintSha256":"ce32d6d105645c0d818f6eb1c89d4077334f412c37532354bbb83bf69f621473"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.forced.circle","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"54fd3089e381d07fd0bc125040522d27d8cd500e0c92127abd4338d1f4b44c1d","publicItemSha256":"01e331db450337e9581ede8475f1979407c8d8dd2d7444808ea7cefdb6f798df","versions":[{"ref":"ans:c8f4bac0-0e23-54aa-bc9a-ab2f5b9c7faa:v3","key":"c8f4bac0-0e23-54aa-bc9a-ab2f5b9c7faa","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"903e499d37ac74b9c33949b0918ab9dc49fd60a119c2b845e232befe83fc77ca","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"66ec2ab45a8748c087fecc3c100955d1776f9ec562f14c59ad994d4321b78477","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"8fb7a8834f66d8de4b834c1b798bcf396349ad41207f77c8f98f52cc47e7a207","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

de · succ.forced.children

de / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

de · succ.forced.spouse

de / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.forced.fraction

de / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.forced.form

de / succ.forced.form Is the forced share a share in the property itself or a money claim against the heirs Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision as a money claim not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" so kann er von dem Erben den Pflichtteil verlangen. Der Pflichtteil besteht in der Hälfte des Wertes des gesetzlichen Erbteils. gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html — BGB § 2303(1) Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.form","text":"Is the forced share a share in the property itself or a money claim against the heirs","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:35954ad1-fcab-5755-815d-b411c103b56e:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"as a money claim","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/__2303.html","locator":"BGB § 2303(1)","quote":"so kann er von dem Erben den Pflichtteil verlangen. Der Pflichtteil besteht in der Hälfte des Wertes des gesetzlichen Erbteils.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"46bbe3dbb75793a0727d003a8f71155e9dd54a31f0350f34cdcfe0965800e435","quoteLiteralSha256":"9d8941145df985ae650e49d21e296218bad2fe4a0eb6ef6693ce4051126749a0","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7e61fda34114c745feefcb1d71c92c64b5887111ac555e9067a03795ab2b2485","fingerprintSha256":"14299661f68526549896dc50f346b275256bd6511735a7a51879e5187dc4cdda"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.forced.form","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"bb9f3a8c007215214e6167fe331bca9714a8a71a714be28bc648e461543efc28","publicItemSha256":"4978863079f0cbc2de84fa8ec86bf507d3ccf1eaae8b6a73436c6752ec102cf4","versions":[{"ref":"ans:35954ad1-fcab-5755-815d-b411c103b56e:v3","key":"35954ad1-fcab-5755-815d-b411c103b56e","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"e5003e8f807371dbdf8dc0bbf08c5fb96ca5e74ff69cfc591481af40ea98db16","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"51fbba8ec328ddbda082f0edcb018c8ed689d6e0cf66515bcdae8aef1511e33b","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"04a9d64d709c510a3b5aeb4b331bf5f673dc2d7d75d429b34076cfacfa569e51","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

de · succ.forced.clawback

de / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.forced.lookback

de / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.forced.waiver

de / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.forced.provision

de / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

de · succ.forced.prevails

de / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.forced.aggregate.share

de / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.forced.exists

fr / succ.forced.exists Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Children 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 (art. 913); spouse 1/4 where there are no descendants (art. 914-1) not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-16 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-16T23:26:21.253Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-16T23:26:21.253Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-16" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-16" Le défunt n'a pas eu d'enfant L'héritier réservataire est l'époux survivant. 1/4 du patrimoine lui est réservé. Quelles sont les règles pour hériter ? — Service Public — https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2529 — Testament: no children, surviving spouse reserved quarter; retained extracted text lines 227-228 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-16 Le défunt a eu des enfants La part d'héritage réservée aux enfants est la suivante : La moitié des biens pour 1 enfant Les 2/3 des biens pour 2 enfants Les 3/4 des biens pour 3 enfants et plus. Quelles sont les règles pour hériter ? — Service Public — https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2529 — Testament: reserved portion for children, 1/2/3+ children; retained extracted text lines 217-221 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-16 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.exists","text":"Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:5a199ce2-163e-525c-962e-32ae05487072:v4","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Children 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 (art. 913); spouse 1/4 where there are no descendants (art. 914-1)","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-16T23:26:21.253Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-16T23:26:21.253Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-16","checked":"2026-10-16","next_check":"2027-10-16","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Quelles sont les règles pour hériter ? — Service Public","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2529","locator":"Testament: no children, surviving spouse reserved quarter; retained extracted text lines 227-228","quote":"Le défunt n'a pas eu d'enfant\nL'héritier réservataire est l'époux survivant. 1/4 du patrimoine lui est réservé.","language":"fr","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-16","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"7083e75f167d617ca7b1388c95d37d39630cc6d9dbf50028d133821d429f1680","quoteLiteralSha256":"4c0cfdcdbc2e9788ef98064c13e53bfd619a660d9d7bb46682f07170b91e0cb1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"ff681cede6cf12a6f5010a11f9879b618877d7259921e765794f40347d867d39","fingerprintSha256":"bf537472ebe5fb6f78fec8e6d9c326f274c1a9131e49c642f7bf20b75fb97005"}},{"document":"Quelles sont les règles pour hériter ? — Service Public","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2529","locator":"Testament: reserved portion for children, 1/2/3+ children; retained extracted text lines 217-221","quote":"Le défunt a eu des enfants\nLa part d'héritage réservée aux enfants est la suivante :\nLa moitié des biens pour 1 enfant\nLes 2/3 des biens pour 2 enfants\nLes 3/4 des biens pour 3 enfants et plus.","language":"fr","source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-16","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"7083e75f167d617ca7b1388c95d37d39630cc6d9dbf50028d133821d429f1680","quoteLiteralSha256":"171052485d05e3a4e12f35a75f129a34347d12d0afbc95c4b376458ed578e229","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"20f9f54956654177f005b697887ff3c0789dff3888d3e23b47d704902bea4926","fingerprintSha256":"c8c9e0f74d52a2d910ce9553b03066d404366a3b28a0dcbe225db4eebe357d53"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.forced.exists","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"b4bf57ec713ad3180f3356931cfe1237656837bdcb61e5d74891ee9486622cae","publicItemSha256":"b82ff3d6e25755c197490cb2feaf3dc425fe1087fc649995c58fd5ef45dbf98d","versions":[{"ref":"ans:5a199ce2-163e-525c-962e-32ae05487072:v4","key":"5a199ce2-163e-525c-962e-32ae05487072","version":4,"storedAnswerSha256":"83947b397acf767b843bfdf9e021cf7a8583ee03738a25cb9fe65b14747c99aa","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"69f4c626e47c5aec3819af88962e6ac53b945c27b8a239ee8b06d3ba3b387025","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"9b52a970b6bed6adbce5c3a62903f03f452eb176e2df5bbc368cd02490e1957a","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

fr · succ.forced.circle

fr / succ.forced.circle Who are the forced heirs Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Children; the spouse only where there are no descendants the spouse only where there are no descendants not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Under French law, only descendants of the deceased (children, grandchildren, etc., in order of priority) and the spouse of the deceased where there are no descendants are entitled to a reserved portion e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/fr_en — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/fr_en — question 3: reserved share Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.circle","text":"Who are the forced heirs","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:29ad828a-9b89-551f-bdd2-ee6cd987d952:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Children; the spouse only where there are no descendants","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"the spouse only where there are no descendants","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/fr_en","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/fr_en","locator":"question 3: reserved share","quote":"Under French law, only descendants of the deceased (children, grandchildren, etc., in order of priority) and the spouse of the deceased where there are no descendants are entitled to a reserved portion","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"f61e1c0098a3ec3c7b075bc57e11c2d94d42be3f5ca13e6e7a0385ba23616d09","quoteLiteralSha256":"251d807547e80140930feccb2fb79f7b3e00c6212027acef378f9a7787fdc314","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9849d7e098944cc8b2f696b6fc06c87561ba1380759a6d6f47d33d7ca65f016e","fingerprintSha256":"b731c6614ec2f16f56db9f96f372acc35f638988a96b084bfd3aa3aac87e6924"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.forced.circle","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"2a352ca2e1ffac85de8c9b53798cbdede9daf701c3cdd7bc09fcd196a0f85a9a","publicItemSha256":"f0384c2f6ef839ec7aa8b8c36a4f75f4e2aeed3c3653a44edd1167d5d97b134b","versions":[{"ref":"ans:29ad828a-9b89-551f-bdd2-ee6cd987d952:v3","key":"29ad828a-9b89-551f-bdd2-ee6cd987d952","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"5283a990d547e63d9a4610ae2daeaef77636b30b663c7fee4ef41644316fbdc8","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"dcf3e98d6d9bc7862786acbd0d1c5e764f283f8f766ab91c9aba06fc529c273c","caveat":"bfe63b068d487eb6c45247e1714d9e030270401bd79448c21c4b6693dfc80eb9"},"en":{"statement":"b7b0272ff3e080b0bd348387b0e0ca4a8ddea653bb5d53269e9315cf27278dd7","caveat":"780b5ffd0ff93d405820f43523a4322b11cd9e78a7c8c39a03121f335d50cece"}}}]}}

fr · succ.forced.children

fr / succ.forced.children What share of the estate is reserved for the children together (by number of children) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision children's reserve 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 (art. 913) Unit: share of the estate by number of children not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" La part d'héritage réservée aux enfants est la suivante : La moitié des biens pour 1 enfant Les 2/3 des biens pour 2 enfants Les 3/4 des biens pour 3 enfants et plus. Règles en matière d'héritage : défunt ayant eu des enfants | Service Public — https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F1270 — réserve héréditaire des enfants Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.children","text":"What share of the estate is reserved for the children together (by number of children)","section":"forced","unit":"share of the estate by number of children"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:8a7933ca-374c-5836-a31f-cbbf98e5fc00:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"children's reserve 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 (art. 913)","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Règles en matière d'héritage : défunt ayant eu des enfants | Service Public","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F1270","locator":"réserve héréditaire des enfants","quote":"La part d'héritage réservée aux enfants est la suivante :\nLa\nmoitié\ndes biens pour 1 enfant\nLes\n2/3\ndes biens pour 2 enfants\nLes\n3/4\ndes biens pour 3 enfants et plus.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"2d5d0fabb787b0ea16f90c4d845fe4ec445acb56edd9302aad04c253692bda27","quoteLiteralSha256":"2900231833bbe697fd2c3d7c4a60029eeb63df3da4989c0e2b20751c48f64981","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"b2ae05c3db103bad11e292e49729460c1fbd8503c4c3c8e9b3cebca27a48db71","fingerprintSha256":"1344db60ad429f5bb4bfbb0f39ded05ff538310e2656364ec2b57f61d201937c"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.forced.children","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"9b5314ff5d6e5260e0480982d71f3ea5f8fd0e6f374c157ca7468bf8916e0b39","referenceSha256":"c3d2b944d1026baf20b87146197ee58bdf68deb070b36cc2ed9570ece20535ba","publicItemSha256":"4250482ae32405b5e4881ecf0f997ea6879bb87bee64fb3c69a1c980fd3c77b0","versions":[{"ref":"ans:8a7933ca-374c-5836-a31f-cbbf98e5fc00:v3","key":"8a7933ca-374c-5836-a31f-cbbf98e5fc00","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"8cd08bacfbad5af56c03d147db7e5eafe89e2b80e2afb029548de3ed89514ee2","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"8a0d1fee68ce989eb0d86c71545e4378d3de2dea384fbb46a405ba1f40024bc4","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"22dbdeb2f503be2d5c64b9d2337b5f2b294c9cb294975e424d304b7802423cc3","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

fr · succ.forced.spouse

fr / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.forced.fraction

fr / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

fr · succ.forced.form

fr / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

fr · succ.forced.clawback

fr / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

fr · succ.forced.lookback

fr / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.forced.waiver

fr / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

fr · succ.forced.provision

fr / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

fr · succ.forced.prevails

fr / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.forced.aggregate.share

fr / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.exists

il / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.circle

il / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.children

il / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.spouse

il / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.fraction

il / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.form

il / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.clawback

il / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.lookback

il / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.waiver

il / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.provision

il / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.prevails

il / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.forced.aggregate.share

il / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.exists

us / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.circle

us / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.children

us / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.spouse

us / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.fraction

us / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.form

us / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.clawback

us / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.lookback

us / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.waiver

us / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.provision

us / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.prevails

us / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.forced.aggregate.share

us / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.exists

kz / succ.forced.exists Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision At least 1/2 of the intestate share for minor or disabled children, disabled spouse and parents (art. 1069) not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Статья 1069. Право на обязательную долю в наследстве 1. Несовершеннолетние или нетрудоспособные дети наследодателя, а также его нетрудоспособные супруг и родители наследуют, независимо от содержания завещания, не менее половины доли, которая причиталась бы каждому из них при наследовании по закону (обязательная доля). 2. В обязательную долю засчитывается все, что наследник, имеющий право на такую долю, получает из наследства по завещанию и (или) по закону, в том числе стоимость имущества, состоящего из предметов обычной домашней обстановки и обихода, и стоимость установленного в пользу такого наследника завещательного отказа. 3. Любые ограничения и обременения, установленные в завещании для наследника, имеющего право на обязательную долю в наследстве, действительны лишь в отношении той части переходящего к нему наследства, которая превышает обязательную долю. Гражданский кодекс Республики Казахстан (Особенная часть) — https://old.adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K990000409_ — ст.1069 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.exists","text":"Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:ed7e23f5-32e2-5f24-87a6-a607c6f65ea6:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"At least 1/2 of the intestate share for minor or disabled children, disabled spouse and parents (art. 1069)","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Гражданский кодекс Республики Казахстан (Особенная часть)","url":"https://old.adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K990000409_","locator":"ст.1069","quote":"Статья 1069. Право на обязательную долю в наследстве\n1. Несовершеннолетние или нетрудоспособные дети наследодателя, а также его нетрудоспособные супруг и родители наследуют, независимо от содержания завещания, не менее половины доли, которая причиталась бы каждому из них при наследовании по закону (обязательная доля).\n2. В обязательную долю засчитывается все, что наследник, имеющий право на такую долю, получает из наследства по завещанию и (или) по закону, в том числе стоимость имущества, состоящего из предметов обычной домашней обстановки и обихода, и стоимость установленного в пользу такого наследника завещательного отказа.\n3. Любые ограничения и обременения, установленные в завещании для наследника, имеющего право на обязательную долю в наследстве, действительны лишь в отношении той части переходящего к нему наследства, которая превышает обязательную долю.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d17df700f8cbb71b6b3b71588a7d712c686dc33479d59fc1e8b273fb42f6dc30","quoteLiteralSha256":"c9f6512c4d6a3a2568cc4064879de5e60924eaa35cd3aa6460962d5958c1507a","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9960ef6682f9bec80f0e0f8fcbd2976bd4f9aa6a1765e2fd041604bf02290589","fingerprintSha256":"5d9f5ada5e03b9926884ae288bdb7f1bcbec26e42d460e44509c5f9c4b812988"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"kz","question":"succ.forced.exists","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"f4568a8f153a2ce9e462609ca3bcfbd1fe3da1fb0ccbdecb74c5625fa91727cb","publicItemSha256":"5a69a027ec689464c8cc4bb0e0d0edf3c8bc5012ffc397b8f3f0f415e9ec885d","versions":[{"ref":"ans:ed7e23f5-32e2-5f24-87a6-a607c6f65ea6:v3","key":"ed7e23f5-32e2-5f24-87a6-a607c6f65ea6","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"04fcb406fdd91652d1c2e906e1657008eedcfedf7d9686b0daaee9979eeda92d","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"0986f7d86a8c45b43b5b7555c246bb51d4688c32a11f5649bf2005f539b9bff3","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"e6c06c674525b312a3d5cd21aab185182cc8d2435644f5c0b6f31c2352981d52","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

kz · succ.forced.circle

kz / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.children

kz / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.spouse

kz / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.fraction

kz / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [native_review_binding_missing]

kz · succ.forced.form

kz / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

kz · succ.forced.clawback

kz / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.lookback

kz / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.waiver

kz / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.provision

kz / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

kz · succ.forced.prevails

kz / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.forced.aggregate.share

kz / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.exists

it / succ.forced.exists: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.circle

it / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

it · succ.forced.children

it / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

it · succ.forced.spouse

it / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.fraction

it / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.form

it / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.clawback

it / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

it · succ.forced.lookback

it / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.waiver

it / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

it · succ.forced.provision

it / succ.forced.provision: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.prevails

it / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.forced.aggregate.share

it / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.forced.exists

cn / succ.forced.exists Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision None in the European sense a necessary portion only for an heir unable to work and without income (art. 1141) not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Article 1133 A natural person may, by making a will in accordance with the provisions of this Code, dispose of his estate and may appoint an executor in the will. A natural person may, by making a will, designate one or more of his statutory successors to inherit his estate. A natural person may, by making a will, donate his estate to the State or a collective, or an organization or individual other than his statutory successor. A natural person may, in accordance with law, create a testamentary trust. Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Book Six — https://english.www.gov.cn/atts/stream/files/5feda5b8c6d0cc300eea77ac — Article 1133 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 Article 1141 Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a successor who has neither the ability to work nor the source of income. Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Book Six — https://english.www.gov.cn/atts/stream/files/5feda5b8c6d0cc300eea77ac — Article 1141 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.exists","text":"Does the country have forced heirship — a part of the estate that a will cannot take away from close relatives","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:13ced6e5-6bfa-5bde-8f6a-e5747ce0e8c4:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"None in the European sense","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"a necessary portion only for an heir unable to work and without income (art. 1141)","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Book Six","url":"https://english.www.gov.cn/atts/stream/files/5feda5b8c6d0cc300eea77ac","locator":"Article 1133","quote":"Article 1133\n A natural person may, by making a will in accordance with the provisions of this\nCode, dispose of his estate and may appoint an executor in the will.\n A natural person may, by making a will, designate one or more of his statutory\nsuccessors to inherit his estate.\n A natural person may, by making a will, donate his estate to the State or a\ncollective, or an organization or individual other than his statutory successor.\n A natural person may, in accordance with law, create a testamentary trust.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"cae5f12bca4b7f70475e4fe328c0629dac885a43391ceb9aea6c8bb707902e44","quoteLiteralSha256":"9ca7a536f932607910e1ec5a389d6676ade07c9de9e694affe8296208dce54ac","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"ec7296726a35ea68ef4ad70238e8359ecdeddb0f9c1d1eae78a2f098e725bac8","fingerprintSha256":"b941fae9aed56e38c6e19f8d0bd9ebc5647e598c7340c5a05768adf9f12aca37"}},{"document":"Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Book Six","url":"https://english.www.gov.cn/atts/stream/files/5feda5b8c6d0cc300eea77ac","locator":"Article 1141","quote":"Article 1141\n Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a\nsuccessor who has neither the ability to work nor the source of income.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"cae5f12bca4b7f70475e4fe328c0629dac885a43391ceb9aea6c8bb707902e44","quoteLiteralSha256":"ed5163ed06645a18fc0a20b19d1b473cbc57c0054d80a87082a338bdb9d7d5df","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d5524cf4a22c511cf716e5e4cdd75d4926e8b9b21581719c1daeecbfec5fc323","fingerprintSha256":"a0a019022be73270203759bb9bbdddb69547483814f8862baa7a1ac0d8d7ae91"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cn","question":"succ.forced.exists","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"5f0775673a709d52c2825d134e7f6306968647251eda78349e14815ab462fe42","publicItemSha256":"0fb2730821a9e04987e01b926d1e65e11d6eebd53fbbf3cffea263a472a3795a","versions":[{"ref":"ans:13ced6e5-6bfa-5bde-8f6a-e5747ce0e8c4:v3","key":"13ced6e5-6bfa-5bde-8f6a-e5747ce0e8c4","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"19bb148ee71bf88da76532d8d3680863c2b5e74abc5285256eba08ee69bb73ea","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"ffb8515bea6459e85a00e3c58afbe98b21ea42f71782c854b3f66545c3747df8","caveat":"34b05fb794337c8dddaf853e6c90147ccde05a9934f24b740bdceb4679c6dfbf"},"en":{"statement":"f1a2b4955683232d2ce6b578f5bdaf7227296fed28def4003b6f46492133f7d3","caveat":"a084ddcfc96a0cbdd899c7c011906c9c8d1ce6b83ac1ee5e15532d67a915337e"}}}]}}

cn · succ.forced.circle

cn / succ.forced.circle: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.forced.children

cn / succ.forced.children: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.forced.spouse

cn / succ.forced.spouse: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.forced.fraction

cn / succ.forced.fraction: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.forced.form

cn / succ.forced.form: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.forced.clawback

cn / succ.forced.clawback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.forced.lookback

cn / succ.forced.lookback: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.forced.waiver

cn / succ.forced.waiver: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.forced.provision

cn / succ.forced.provision Can a family member or dependant obtain provision from the estate against the will, by court order or by law (where there is no fixed forced share) Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Dependencies: [{"axis":"who","name":"who","values":[{"code":"incapacitated","name":"unable to work or lacking capacity"},{"code":"needy","name":"without means of support"}]}] Recorded provision necessary portion only for an heir unable to work and without income (art. 1141) who: unable to work or lacking capacity; without means of support not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Article 1141 Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a successor who has neither the ability to work nor the source of income. Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Book Six — https://english.www.gov.cn/atts/stream/files/5feda5b8c6d0cc300eea77ac — Article 1141 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.forced.provision","text":"Can a family member or dependant obtain provision from the estate against the will, by court order or by law (where there is no fixed forced share)","section":"forced"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:70dce223-ca53-5353-8dc3-b27127b29f0d:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"necessary portion only for an heir unable to work and without income (art. 1141)","statement_language":"en","conditions":[{"axis":"who","name":"who","values":[{"code":"incapacitated","name":"unable to work or lacking capacity"},{"code":"needy","name":"without means of support"}]}],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Book Six","url":"https://english.www.gov.cn/atts/stream/files/5feda5b8c6d0cc300eea77ac","locator":"Article 1141","quote":"Article 1141\n Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a\nsuccessor who has neither the ability to work nor the source of income.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"cae5f12bca4b7f70475e4fe328c0629dac885a43391ceb9aea6c8bb707902e44","quoteLiteralSha256":"ed5163ed06645a18fc0a20b19d1b473cbc57c0054d80a87082a338bdb9d7d5df","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d5524cf4a22c511cf716e5e4cdd75d4926e8b9b21581719c1daeecbfec5fc323","fingerprintSha256":"a0a019022be73270203759bb9bbdddb69547483814f8862baa7a1ac0d8d7ae91"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[{"axis":"who","name":"who","values":[{"code":"incapacitated","name":"unable to work or lacking capacity"},{"code":"needy","name":"without means of support"}]}],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cn","question":"succ.forced.provision","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"98449eda7bbd120527b71589ef46121802472189243d078e4f6d93162e6f0be8","referenceSha256":"3b20e1b06be2710a374a7d1507832119543c48bed43079397fed7958011d3dca","publicItemSha256":"a979dff5a4567d3af2ee852ce763fba826978a595cfba490372720f75fdd31d8","versions":[{"ref":"ans:70dce223-ca53-5353-8dc3-b27127b29f0d:v3","key":"70dce223-ca53-5353-8dc3-b27127b29f0d","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"a7fb2bc310cb2cd73e498d6405660163db9af68ba4859c601aa5ab1244f777c0","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"34b05fb794337c8dddaf853e6c90147ccde05a9934f24b740bdceb4679c6dfbf","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"a439e947a7afc35e327f6d985646e0641d369803a0b7dd9e07d4a418ddd8cd08","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

cn · succ.forced.prevails

cn / succ.forced.prevails: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.forced.aggregate.share

cn / succ.forced.aggregate.share: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.tax.country_context

ru / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Inheritance received from an individual is generally exempt from Russian personal income tax under Tax Code Article 217. The FNS separately identifies remuneration paid to heirs of authors of scientific, literary and artistic works and inventions as taxable income. From 2026, foreign-agent recipients lose the inheritance-income exemption. Notarial costs and other-structure consequences require separate review. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" Все ФЛ ИП ЮЛ Фильтр по категории налогоплательщиков НДФЛ ФЛ ИП ЮЛ По доходам иностранных агентов, полученным с 2026 года, НК РФ устанавливается новая система обложения НДФЛ: к их доходам (в том числе от продажи имущества) будет применяться ставка 30 %; доходы от продажи ценных бумаг, имущества (при владении более пяти лет), при получении наследства и в порядке дарения с 2026 года лишаются освобождения от обложения НДФЛ; таким лицам не будут предоставляться налоговые вычеты по НДФЛ. Также доходы иностранных агентов (если в течение хотя бы одного дня налогового периода, в котором получен соответствующий доход, есть указанный статус), полученные в виде подарка от физического лица, с 2026 года облагаются НДФЛ вне зависимости от степени родства с дарителем по ставке 30%. C6 tax context ru_foreign_agent_2026 — https://www.nalog.gov.ru/new2026/ — addressed_visible_projection:при получении наследства Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 В соответствии со ст.217 НК РФ не все доходы физических лиц облагаются НДФЛ Доходы, облагаемые НДФЛ Доходы, не облагаемые НДФЛ от продажи имущества, находившегося в собственности менее трех (пяти) лет; от сдачи имущества в аренду; доходы от источников за пределами Российской Федерации; доходы в виде разного рода выигрышей; иные доходы. доходы от продажи имущества, находившегося в собственности более трех (пяти) лет; доходы, полученные в порядке наследования; доходы, полученные по договору дарения от члена семьи и (или) близкого родственника в соответствии с Семейным кодексом Российской Федерации (от супруга, родителей и детей, в том числе усыновителей и усыновленных, дедушки, бабушки и внуков, полнородных и неполнородных (имеющих общих отца или мать) братьев и сестер); иные доходы. Отчетный период Год Налоговый период Год Порядок уплаты НДФЛ в виде фиксированного авансового платежа распространен на иностранных граждан, прибывших в Российскую Федерацию в безвизовом режиме и работающих на основании патента не только у физических лиц (как было до 2015 года), но и в организациях,у индивидуальных предпринимателей или занимающихся частной практикой лиц (например, адвокатов, учредивших адвокатский кабинет). C6 tax context ru_general — https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn46/taxation/taxes/ndfl/ — addressed_visible_projection:доходы, полученные в порядке наследования Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 физические лица, получающие доходы в виде вознаграждения, выплачиваемого им как наследникам авторов произведений науки, литературы, искусства, а также авторов изобретений; C6 tax context ru_general — https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn46/taxation/taxes/ndfl/ — FNS general NDFL: authors’ heirs remuneration, complete list item Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:8d1d233c-2d2f-5386-9704-628f4c8b7833:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Inheritance received from an individual is generally exempt from Russian personal income tax under Tax Code Article 217. The FNS separately identifies remuneration paid to heirs of authors of scientific, literary and artistic works and inventions as taxable income. From 2026, foreign-agent recipients lose the inheritance-income exemption. Notarial costs and other-structure consequences require separate review.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"C6 tax context ru_foreign_agent_2026","url":"https://www.nalog.gov.ru/new2026/","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:при получении наследства","quote":"Все ФЛ ИП ЮЛ Фильтр по категории налогоплательщиков НДФЛ ФЛ ИП ЮЛ По доходам иностранных агентов, полученным с 2026 года, НК РФ устанавливается новая система обложения НДФЛ: к их доходам (в том числе от продажи имущества) будет применяться ставка 30 %; доходы от продажи ценных бумаг, имущества (при владении более пяти лет), при получении наследства и в порядке дарения с 2026 года лишаются освобождения от обложения НДФЛ; таким лицам не будут предоставляться налоговые вычеты по НДФЛ. Также доходы иностранных агентов (если в течение хотя бы одного дня налогового периода, в котором получен соответствующий доход, есть указанный статус), полученные в виде подарка от физического лица, с 2026 года облагаются НДФЛ вне зависимости от степени родства с дарителем по ставке 30%.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d39ac6c8165555f8f18dc5818b425a7964295cd756c62e06e2644788a1804aa9","quoteLiteralSha256":"f5c42bbca8628c52f3394471b54910f225a9433ad47c8861117d956b7ae45afb","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"9780101b86b729620a5d6a7d6b3bbff010dfba06d7dfaed270444431f672bfa8","fingerprintSha256":"ee822f075505b90531ae4a2f890674beb9b4d2847c9f2c897cc938b173408ee5"}},{"document":"C6 tax context ru_general","url":"https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn46/taxation/taxes/ndfl/","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:доходы, полученные в порядке наследования","quote":"В соответствии со ст.217 НК РФ не все доходы физических лиц облагаются НДФЛ Доходы, облагаемые НДФЛ Доходы, не облагаемые НДФЛ от продажи имущества, находившегося в собственности менее трех (пяти) лет; от сдачи имущества в аренду; доходы от источников за пределами Российской Федерации; доходы в виде разного рода выигрышей; иные доходы. доходы от продажи имущества, находившегося в собственности более трех (пяти) лет; доходы, полученные в порядке наследования; доходы, полученные по договору дарения от члена семьи и (или) близкого родственника в соответствии с Семейным кодексом Российской Федерации (от супруга, родителей и детей, в том числе усыновителей и усыновленных, дедушки, бабушки и внуков, полнородных и неполнородных (имеющих общих отца или мать) братьев и сестер); иные доходы. Отчетный период Год Налоговый период Год Порядок уплаты НДФЛ в виде фиксированного авансового платежа распространен на иностранных граждан, прибывших в Российскую Федерацию в безвизовом режиме и работающих на основании патента не только у физических лиц (как было до 2015 года), но и в организациях,у индивидуальных предпринимателей или занимающихся частной практикой лиц (например, адвокатов, учредивших адвокатский кабинет).","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"c40594e5a733f2212e04aae428e5dc7d8f8b5740dbb814f91eaa9249615d11c0","quoteLiteralSha256":"f56dcddf5ce0947ef1840756dabab60c7806ed5c41a3f8080668ce3aa4b7a908","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"223e02c68481ad74e79f083dd043f4d458063d4d34c8a32a612a73d8676f9b21","fingerprintSha256":"e86a0a8950b14f2fed9f592d6153921ac049936042f80c39f6fc1763c0fe6538"}},{"document":"C6 tax context ru_general","url":"https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn46/taxation/taxes/ndfl/","locator":"FNS general NDFL: authors’ heirs remuneration, complete list item","quote":"физические лица, получающие доходы в виде вознаграждения, выплачиваемого им как наследникам авторов произведений науки, литературы, искусства, а также авторов изобретений;","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"c40594e5a733f2212e04aae428e5dc7d8f8b5740dbb814f91eaa9249615d11c0","quoteLiteralSha256":"90d0b1c2b6b1d3d56cd323d6209bc7e179bdfa106a5c2832fc10a1a9ae0c529d","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"dadf5c3aaad14c32c7d9c98f7c999a244715580c962de2bdf16d2423c8db57b1","fingerprintSha256":"42f5c2bb80262d72abdac6d2e662e59153aebdf38a96a29c329f6de4171d2d54"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"ru","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"7b624f5487bd22fbcd6b5cbaa50a31512896d0fcf5f618a78c8449b24383295f","publicItemSha256":"bad0197b275950586f70df50483d9a290e09e48516df8a912d91261f033ce11c","versions":[{"ref":"ans:8d1d233c-2d2f-5386-9704-628f4c8b7833:v2","key":"8d1d233c-2d2f-5386-9704-628f4c8b7833","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"4cef2923d860ae8781abb7784a069dbc88755480b3bb177f523609b997e6cc6f","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"3c81e4fbe476f27fc026dade48c285c8f490a114ece6e11889955729b1dca3c2","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"89eb6f2e4528d6778e8682e59702e8081ea2db26fa962dac53045b7973d56ac8","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

ae · succ.tax.country_context

ae / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.tax.country_context

cy / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.tax.country_context

gb / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision UK IHT is charged on the deceased’s estate: the standard 40% rate applies to the taxable portion above the £325,000 nil-rate band, subject to further exemptions and reliefs, including a conditional 36% charity rate. For transfers or deaths from 6 April 2025, overseas-asset scope depends on long-term UK residence: generally UK tax residence in each of the previous 10 tax years or in at least 10 of the previous 20. After departure that status can continue for up to 10 tax years, with a shorter period after fewer prior years of residence; special 2025–2026 transitional conditions apply. Trusts have separate rules and exclusions. A UK asset alone does not determine the final liability. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" From 6 April 2025 the domicile and deemed domicile rules were replaced by new long-term UK resident rules. From 6 April 2025, if you are a long-term UK resident, your non-UK (overseas) assets may be subject to Inheritance Tax if you make a transfer of assets or die. You should not follow this guidance if the transfer of assets or the person’s death is before 6 April 2025. Find out more about Inheritance Tax deemed domicile rules . Check if you are a long-term UK resident You are a long-term UK resident in a tax year if you are tax resident in the UK for either: the previous 10 years consecutive years a total of 10 years or more within the previous 20 years When you will not have long-term UK residence You will not be a long-term UK resident if: on 30 October 2024 you did not have UK domicile or deemed domicile status the tax year 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026, you are non-resident you do not return to the UK Leaving the UK as a long-term resident You can still keep long-term UK residence for up to 10 tax years after you leave the UK. This is shorter if you have not lived in the UK for all the previous 20 years. For example, if you previously lived in the UK for: 10 to 13 years, you’ll stop being a long-term UK resident 3 years after you leave 14 years, you stop being a long-term UK resident 4 years after you leave 15 years, you stop being a long-term UK resident 5 years after you leave If you return to the UK after 10 consecutive years of non-residence, the 10 out of 20 years residence test is reset. Only the year you return and future years of residence count towards your UK residence. Leaving the UK as a deemed UK domicile You stop being a long-term UK resident after 3 years of non-residence if: on 30 October 2024 you had deemed UK domicile for the tax year 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026, you are non-resident you do not return to the UK Charging inheritance tax on overseas assets Inheritance Tax is charged on transfers of overseas assets you owned outright, or on death, when you are long-term UK resident. Inheritance Tax will be charged on any overseas assets in a trust you have set-up or added to (even when you were not a long-term UK resident). There will be no Inheritance Tax to pay on your death on trust assets that were: placed in the trust while you were non-UK domiciled overseas on 30 October 2024 overseas on the date of your death or when your rights to the trust ended You should tell trustees when your long-term UK residence status changes as there may be separate trusts charges to pay. C6 tax context gb_ltr — https://www.gov.uk/guidance/inheritance-tax-if-youre-a-long-term-uk-resident — HMRC LTR substantive rule, transition, residence tests, tail and overseas-asset scope Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Inheritance Tax and settled property The act of putting an asset — such as money, land or buildings — into a trust is often known as ‘making a settlement’ or ‘settling property’ . For Inheritance Tax purposes, each asset has its own separate identity. This means, for example, that one asset within a trust may be for the trustees to use at their discretion and therefore treated like a discretionary trust. Another item within the same trust may be set aside for a disabled person and treated like a trust for a disabled person. In this case, there will be different Inheritance Tax rules for each asset. Even though different assets may receive different tax treatment, it is always the total value of all the assets in a trust that is used to work out whether a trust exceeds the Inheritance Tax threshold and whether Inheritance Tax is due. There are different rules for different types of trust . Inheritance Tax and excluded property Some assets are classed as ‘excluded property’ and Inheritance Tax is not paid on them. However, the value of the assets may be brought in to calculate the rate of tax on certain exit charges and 10 year anniversary charges. Types of excluded property can include: property situated outside the UK — that is owned by trustees and settled by someone who: died before 6 April 2025 and was permanently based outside the UK (not domiciled or deemed domiciled) when making the settlement on or after 6 April 2025 is not a long-term UK resident when the charge happens was not a long-term UK resident when they died on or after 6 April 2025 government securities — known as FOTRA (free of tax to residents abroad) The rules governing excluded property can be complicated. Relevant property Assets in a trust such as money, shares, houses or land are known as ‘relevant property’ . Most property held in trusts counts as relevant property. Inheritance Tax may be due on the assets held within a trust when: they are transferred out of a trust (exit charges) a 10 year anniversary occurs The only exceptions to this rule are when the asset is: in an interest in possession trust and it was put there before 22 March 2006 subject to a ‘transitional serial interest’ made between 22 March 2006 and 5 October 2008 put into an interest in possession trust by the terms of a will or the rules of intestacy set aside for a disabled person set aside for a bereaved minor put into an age ‘18 to 25 trust’ Transfers into trust A transfer of assets into a trust can include buildings, land or money and can be either of the following: a gift made during a person’s life a transfer or transaction that reduces the value of the settlor’s estate (for example an asset is sold to trustees at less than its market value) — the loss to the person’s estate is considered a gift or transfer Work out if Inheritance Tax is due For most types of trust Inheritance Tax is due when you make transfers that total more than the Inheritance Tax threshold of £325,000. You work this out by adding up the value of any transfers (based on the loss in value to the settlor’s estate) and any chargeable gifts made in the previous 7 years by the settlor. Inheritance Tax is due on everything above the threshold. If the trustees pay, the rate of tax is 20%. If the settlor pays the Inheritance Tax instead of the trustee, this means there will be an increased loss from the settlor’s estate. The amount of tax due will therefore increase. These calculations are complex. Death within 7 years of making a transfer If you die within 7 years of making a transfer into a trust your estate will have to pay Inheritance Tax at the full amount of 40%. This is instead of the reduced amount of 20% which is payable when the payment is made during your lifetime. In this case your personal representative — who manages your estate when you die — will have to pay a further 20% out of your estate based on the value of the original transfer. If no Inheritance Tax was due when you made the transfer, the value of the transfer is added to your estate when working out whether any Inheritance Tax is due. If you make a gift into any type of trust but continue to benefit from the gift — for example, you give away your house but continue to live in it — you will pay 20% on the transfer and the gift will still count as part of your estate. These are known as gifts ‘with reservation of benefit’. Find out more about passing on property . This creates a situation where there are 2 possible Inheritance Tax charges if you die: a charge when you transfer the gift into a trust a charge to your estate when you die — because the asset is still considered part of your estate To avoid double taxation, only the higher of these charges is applied — in other words you will never pay more than 40% Inheritance Tax. Gifts into a trust for someone who is disabled You do not have to pay Inheritance Tax immediately if you make a gift to a trust for someone who is disabled but Inheritance Tax may still be due when you die. Find out more about how Inheritance Tax applies to trusts for someone who is disabled. The Inheritance Tax exit charge Inheritance Tax is charged up to a maximum of 6% on assets — such as money, land or buildings — transferred out of a trust. This is known as an ‘exit charge’ and it’s charged on all transfers of relevant property. C6 tax context gb_trust — https://www.gov.uk/guidance/trusts-and-inheritance-tax — HMRC settled/excluded/relevant property and transfer threshold including date-specific conditions Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Accept additional cookies Reject additional cookies View cookies Hide cookie message Skip to main content GOV.UK Navigation menu Menu Menu Services and information Benefits Births, death, marriages and care Business and self-employed Childcare and parenting Citizenship and living in the UK Crime, justice and the law Disabled people Driving and transport Education and learning Employing people Environment and countryside Housing and local services Money and tax Passports, travel and living abroad Visas and immigration Working, jobs and pensions Government activity Departments Departments, agencies and public bodies News News stories, speeches, letters and notices Guidance and regulation Detailed guidance, regulations and rules Research and statistics Reports, analysis and official statistics Policy papers and consultations Consultations and strategy Transparency Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports Search GOV.UK × Search GOV.UK Search Search GOV.UK Search Home Births, deaths, marriages and care Death and bereavement How Inheritance Tax works: thresholds, rules and allowances Skip contents Contents Overview Passing on a home Rules on giving gifts If you die when you are based outside the UK Overview Inheritance Tax is a tax on the estate (the property, money and possessions) of someone who’s died. There’s normally no Inheritance Tax to pay if either: the value of your estate is below the £325,000 threshold you leave everything above the £325,000 threshold to your spouse, civil partner, a charity or a community amateur sports club You may still need to report the estate’s value even if it’s below the threshold. If you give away your home to your children (including adopted, foster or stepchildren) or grandchildren your threshold can increase to £500,000 . If you’re married or in a civil partnership and your estate is worth less than your threshold, any unused threshold can be added to your partner’s threshold when you die. C6 tax context gb_iht — https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax — addressed_visible_projection:£325,000 threshold Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 If you’re married or in a civil partnership and your estate is worth less than your threshold, any unused threshold can be added to your partner’s threshold when you die. This guide is also available in Welsh (Cymraeg) . Inheritance Tax rates The standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40%. It’s only charged on the part of your estate that’s above the threshold. Example Your estate is worth £500,000 and your tax-free threshold is £325,000. The Inheritance Tax charged will be 40% of £175,000 (£500,000 minus £325,000). The estate can pay Inheritance Tax at a reduced rate of 36% on some assets if you leave 10% or more of the ‘net value’ to charity in your will. C6 tax context gb_iht — https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax — addressed_visible_projection:standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40% Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:8ad7c217-812a-5bbe-8b19-78d4dc73b970:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"UK IHT is charged on the deceased’s estate: the standard 40% rate applies to the taxable portion above the £325,000 nil-rate band, subject to further exemptions and reliefs, including a conditional 36% charity rate. For transfers or deaths from 6 April 2025, overseas-asset scope depends on long-term UK residence: generally UK tax residence in each of the previous 10 tax years or in at least 10 of the previous 20. After departure that status can continue for up to 10 tax years, with a shorter period after fewer prior years of residence; special 2025–2026 transitional conditions apply. Trusts have separate rules and exclusions. A UK asset alone does not determine the final liability.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"C6 tax context gb_ltr","url":"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/inheritance-tax-if-youre-a-long-term-uk-resident","locator":"HMRC LTR substantive rule, transition, residence tests, tail and overseas-asset scope","quote":"From 6 April 2025 the domicile and deemed domicile rules were replaced by new long-term UK resident rules. From 6 April 2025, if you are a long-term UK resident, your non-UK (overseas) assets may be subject to Inheritance Tax if you make a transfer of assets or die. You should not follow this guidance if the transfer of assets or the person’s death is before 6 April 2025. Find out more about Inheritance Tax deemed domicile rules . Check if you are a long-term UK resident You are a long-term UK resident in a tax year if you are tax resident in the UK for either: the previous 10 years consecutive years a total of 10 years or more within the previous 20 years When you will not have long-term UK residence You will not be a long-term UK resident if: on 30 October 2024 you did not have UK domicile or deemed domicile status the tax year 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026, you are non-resident you do not return to the UK Leaving the UK as a long-term resident You can still keep long-term UK residence for up to 10 tax years after you leave the UK. This is shorter if you have not lived in the UK for all the previous 20 years. For example, if you previously lived in the UK for: 10 to 13 years, you’ll stop being a long-term UK resident 3 years after you leave 14 years, you stop being a long-term UK resident 4 years after you leave 15 years, you stop being a long-term UK resident 5 years after you leave If you return to the UK after 10 consecutive years of non-residence, the 10 out of 20 years residence test is reset. Only the year you return and future years of residence count towards your UK residence. Leaving the UK as a deemed UK domicile You stop being a long-term UK resident after 3 years of non-residence if: on 30 October 2024 you had deemed UK domicile for the tax year 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026, you are non-resident you do not return to the UK Charging inheritance tax on overseas assets Inheritance Tax is charged on transfers of overseas assets you owned outright, or on death, when you are long-term UK resident. Inheritance Tax will be charged on any overseas assets in a trust you have set-up or added to (even when you were not a long-term UK resident). There will be no Inheritance Tax to pay on your death on trust assets that were: placed in the trust while you were non-UK domiciled overseas on 30 October 2024 overseas on the date of your death or when your rights to the trust ended You should tell trustees when your long-term UK residence status changes as there may be separate trusts charges to pay.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"1458539decdd7963baf539bca4f102b07282cd0a00af71a6613408b0da22a44a","quoteLiteralSha256":"e3b0b5ef2c332ef6a1fd03f04278358d640a8f7eed1b6f99b3fa87a590188f2a","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"b456cc7aaa9442666224c745d92be0656564f240536ba518a5a7dbe460d416bc","fingerprintSha256":"99a7524446aa2b2b45d98028f122bb5e3c05d496d51a5f394fe760b60f31a98a"}},{"document":"C6 tax context gb_trust","url":"https://www.gov.uk/guidance/trusts-and-inheritance-tax","locator":"HMRC settled/excluded/relevant property and transfer threshold including date-specific conditions","quote":"Inheritance Tax and settled property The act of putting an asset — such as money, land or buildings — into a trust is often known as ‘making a settlement’ or ‘settling property’ . For Inheritance Tax purposes, each asset has its own separate identity. This means, for example, that one asset within a trust may be for the trustees to use at their discretion and therefore treated like a discretionary trust. Another item within the same trust may be set aside for a disabled person and treated like a trust for a disabled person. In this case, there will be different Inheritance Tax rules for each asset. Even though different assets may receive different tax treatment, it is always the total value of all the assets in a trust that is used to work out whether a trust exceeds the Inheritance Tax threshold and whether Inheritance Tax is due. There are different rules for different types of trust . Inheritance Tax and excluded property Some assets are classed as ‘excluded property’ and Inheritance Tax is not paid on them. However, the value of the assets may be brought in to calculate the rate of tax on certain exit charges and 10 year anniversary charges. Types of excluded property can include: property situated outside the UK — that is owned by trustees and settled by someone who: died before 6 April 2025 and was permanently based outside the UK (not domiciled or deemed domiciled) when making the settlement on or after 6 April 2025 is not a long-term UK resident when the charge happens was not a long-term UK resident when they died on or after 6 April 2025 government securities — known as FOTRA (free of tax to residents abroad) The rules governing excluded property can be complicated. Relevant property Assets in a trust such as money, shares, houses or land are known as ‘relevant property’ . Most property held in trusts counts as relevant property. Inheritance Tax may be due on the assets held within a trust when: they are transferred out of a trust (exit charges) a 10 year anniversary occurs The only exceptions to this rule are when the asset is: in an interest in possession trust and it was put there before 22 March 2006 subject to a ‘transitional serial interest’ made between 22 March 2006 and 5 October 2008 put into an interest in possession trust by the terms of a will or the rules of intestacy set aside for a disabled person set aside for a bereaved minor put into an age ‘18 to 25 trust’ Transfers into trust A transfer of assets into a trust can include buildings, land or money and can be either of the following: a gift made during a person’s life a transfer or transaction that reduces the value of the settlor’s estate (for example an asset is sold to trustees at less than its market value) — the loss to the person’s estate is considered a gift or transfer Work out if Inheritance Tax is due For most types of trust Inheritance Tax is due when you make transfers that total more than the Inheritance Tax threshold of £325,000. You work this out by adding up the value of any transfers (based on the loss in value to the settlor’s estate) and any chargeable gifts made in the previous 7 years by the settlor. Inheritance Tax is due on everything above the threshold. If the trustees pay, the rate of tax is 20%. If the settlor pays the Inheritance Tax instead of the trustee, this means there will be an increased loss from the settlor’s estate. The amount of tax due will therefore increase. These calculations are complex. Death within 7 years of making a transfer If you die within 7 years of making a transfer into a trust your estate will have to pay Inheritance Tax at the full amount of 40%. This is instead of the reduced amount of 20% which is payable when the payment is made during your lifetime. In this case your personal representative — who manages your estate when you die — will have to pay a further 20% out of your estate based on the value of the original transfer. If no Inheritance Tax was due when you made the transfer, the value of the transfer is added to your estate when working out whether any Inheritance Tax is due. If you make a gift into any type of trust but continue to benefit from the gift — for example, you give away your house but continue to live in it — you will pay 20% on the transfer and the gift will still count as part of your estate. These are known as gifts ‘with reservation of benefit’. Find out more about passing on property . This creates a situation where there are 2 possible Inheritance Tax charges if you die: a charge when you transfer the gift into a trust a charge to your estate when you die — because the asset is still considered part of your estate To avoid double taxation, only the higher of these charges is applied — in other words you will never pay more than 40% Inheritance Tax. Gifts into a trust for someone who is disabled You do not have to pay Inheritance Tax immediately if you make a gift to a trust for someone who is disabled but Inheritance Tax may still be due when you die. Find out more about how Inheritance Tax applies to trusts for someone who is disabled. The Inheritance Tax exit charge Inheritance Tax is charged up to a maximum of 6% on assets — such as money, land or buildings — transferred out of a trust. This is known as an ‘exit charge’ and it’s charged on all transfers of relevant property.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"409e269317a99260162e0c3c2a508281705de0f32ba7255d14f433dd9d25eb62","quoteLiteralSha256":"01615d2e8cc9aa887f5d8ea4463e8bf51089cacbaf9f8e5041daa14897977e8d","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"21683a406a1e11e3382767d3dac5d1e6958fb7799fc05f1a5c53c4d0b06d3019","fingerprintSha256":"4bc5daafca88d16638379538648a2d62b1ed075b32641e4a5dbf1196fa703fb6"}},{"document":"C6 tax context gb_iht","url":"https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:£325,000 threshold","quote":"Accept additional cookies Reject additional cookies View cookies Hide cookie message Skip to main content GOV.UK Navigation menu Menu Menu Services and information Benefits Births, death, marriages and care Business and self-employed Childcare and parenting Citizenship and living in the UK Crime, justice and the law Disabled people Driving and transport Education and learning Employing people Environment and countryside Housing and local services Money and tax Passports, travel and living abroad Visas and immigration Working, jobs and pensions Government activity Departments Departments, agencies and public bodies News News stories, speeches, letters and notices Guidance and regulation Detailed guidance, regulations and rules Research and statistics Reports, analysis and official statistics Policy papers and consultations Consultations and strategy Transparency Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports Search GOV.UK × Search GOV.UK Search Search GOV.UK Search Home Births, deaths, marriages and care Death and bereavement How Inheritance Tax works: thresholds, rules and allowances Skip contents Contents Overview Passing on a home Rules on giving gifts If you die when you are based outside the UK Overview Inheritance Tax is a tax on the estate (the property, money and possessions) of someone who’s died. There’s normally no Inheritance Tax to pay if either: the value of your estate is below the £325,000 threshold you leave everything above the £325,000 threshold to your spouse, civil partner, a charity or a community amateur sports club You may still need to report the estate’s value even if it’s below the threshold. If you give away your home to your children (including adopted, foster or stepchildren) or grandchildren your threshold can increase to £500,000 . If you’re married or in a civil partnership and your estate is worth less than your threshold, any unused threshold can be added to your partner’s threshold when you die.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d898b79514b7f8796b51dc357629a64a06ce3dadaa04dd55d87e53b87d16b9be","quoteLiteralSha256":"5cb852d0e3848e7165c7274c743851a95ae425977b7b501c0083d84519bb3ef4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a12b9120053e2aea8252ecd42bd9f38814623da4502d999a62d49ba03e513460","fingerprintSha256":"c7c591f0ceaab0cb79d1bfcf9b6a6c2994b151e9750c296907f652fe76c6d0bb"}},{"document":"C6 tax context gb_iht","url":"https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40%","quote":"If you’re married or in a civil partnership and your estate is worth less than your threshold, any unused threshold can be added to your partner’s threshold when you die. This guide is also available in Welsh (Cymraeg) . Inheritance Tax rates The standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40%. It’s only charged on the part of your estate that’s above the threshold. Example Your estate is worth £500,000 and your tax-free threshold is £325,000. The Inheritance Tax charged will be 40% of £175,000 (£500,000 minus £325,000). The estate can pay Inheritance Tax at a reduced rate of 36% on some assets if you leave 10% or more of the ‘net value’ to charity in your will.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d898b79514b7f8796b51dc357629a64a06ce3dadaa04dd55d87e53b87d16b9be","quoteLiteralSha256":"3a710f323192252c00afc658c8677524d8f1562aeb297b98afef92298ca06083","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"d5f6a0e67f6b3d5d89a5821218411c140eb6a8a5615db5b07da17b61fba8f847","fingerprintSha256":"2c6602b8cc1aac09e450fd9855a2da6c118d44e90110b50c98d09f9c0814a55a"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"gb","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"2a993d51a8646bb8b0d79c94fce2956f58e2cb75787d1895f6053e41902c0ecb","publicItemSha256":"fa192fb5d5026b8c344dd07635860a9818f2ac5adb5503acb484000f7a77fd02","versions":[{"ref":"ans:8ad7c217-812a-5bbe-8b19-78d4dc73b970:v2","key":"8ad7c217-812a-5bbe-8b19-78d4dc73b970","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"982a30dad3917d01885c11431c7551fd44e44c722814f4e4faa6e0c0b8f86a4e","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"7ea738c412a002fbda962261d29369b5c3ef3da5094f385d5801699b3b9aff15","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"75d7f710b2b7fcf75930b76110fa7f4075687a50c77febdc0f2bad38766c8540","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

ch · succ.tax.country_context

ch / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision The ESTV 2025 overview describes no federal inheritance tax in Switzerland; cantonal and some municipal rules differ. It identifies an exemption for a surviving spouse or registered partner and exemptions for direct descendants in most cantons, while also recording cantonal and municipal exceptions and a special Geneva rule concerning expenditure-based taxation of the deceased. The canton, relationship, assets and applicable conditions need to be checked for the particular case. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" 9.1.6 Inheritance and gift taxes Subject to inheritance tax is the transfer of assets to the statutory and designated heirs and to legatees. Inter vivos gifts are subject to gift tax, with the definition of “gift” under civil law generally being applied. Inheritance and gift taxes are levied only by the cantons and not by the Confederation. In a few cantons, the communes are also authorised to levy inheritance and gift taxes, but most of them do not levy the taxes themselves and instead merely take a share of the cantonal tax revenue. In the canton of Zug, the tax is levied by the canton but the reve- nue goes to the communes. The communes have their own fiscal sovereignty in the canton of Graubünden. 56 Although almost all cantons levy both inheritance and gift taxes, the canton of Lucerne does not tax gifts. However, gifts made dur- ing the five years preceding the death of a decedent are included in the calculation of inheritance tax. The cantons of Schwyz and Obwalden levy neither inheritance nor gift taxes. In general, the canton of the decedent’s last place of residence is entitled to levy inheritance tax on movable assets. Inherited real estate is to be taxed in the canton where it is located. The tax on gifts of movable assets is levied by the canton where the donor is resident at the time of the gift being given. The gift tax on immovable property is levied again by the canton where the property is located. Inheritance tax is almost entirely structured as a hereditary succes- sion tax. As such, it is levied individually on the inheritance share of each heir or legatee. The canton of Solothurn levies an estate tax on the entire undi- vided estate left behind by the deceased in addition to hereditary succession tax. In general, the recipients of an inheritance or gift are liable to tax in all cantons. These are heirs and legatees in the case of inheritance tax, and donees in the case of gift tax. Inheritance and gift taxes are one-off taxes. In the case of inher- itance, it is generally calculated on the basis of the value of the assets at the time of the decedent’s death. The value of the gift at the time of asset transfer is decisive for gift tax. In principle, the market value is decisive for calculating both taxes. Deviations from this principle apply in certain cantons in particular for securities, real estate and insurance benefits. Tax exemptions, personal deductions and tax-free amounts are reg- ulated differently in the individual cantons. However, the surviving spouse or registered partner is exempt from tax in all cantons. Direct descendants are exempt from tax in most cantons, with the exception of Appenzell Innerrhoden (deduction of CHF 300,000), Vaud (tax-free amount of CHF 1 million, followed by a degressive deduction up to CHF 2 million) and Neuchâtel (deduction of CHF 50,000 for the inheritance tax). Only the communes can levy tax on the inheritance of direct descendants in the canton of Lu- cerne (tax-free limit of CHF 100,000). 57 Direct ascendants (depending on the canton only the parents, stepparents or adoptive parents) are exempt from tax in the can- tons of Uri, Nidwalden, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, Basel Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Graubünden, Aargau, Ticino, Valais and Geneva. They are taxed in all other cantons, although most of them make provision for personal deductions (tax-free amounts). In the canton of Geneva, exemption from inheritance and gift tax is not permitted if the decedent (or the donor) was subject to expenditure-based taxation according to one of the last three definitive assessment decisions before the time of death (or at the time of the gift). The tax scales for inheritance and gift taxes are structured very differently in the various cantons. However, they are identical for both taxes in most cantons and are progressive in almost all cases. The tax burden generally depends on the degree of kinship and/or the amount of the assets. The cantons of Uri, Nidwalden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen apply linear tax rates depending on the degree of kinship. The assessment of inheritance tax is mostly based on an inventory of the estate that has to be prepared upon the death of the decedent. Gift tax is assessed on the basis of a tax return, which has to be submitted by the donee in most cantons. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — ESTV 2025 section9.1.6 in full; includes location, exemptions, Geneva exception and rate determinants Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Inherited real estate is to be taxed in the canton where it is located. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 The tax scales for inheritance and gift taxes are structured very differently in the various cantons. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 However, the surviving spouse or registered partner is exempt from tax in all cantons. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Direct descendants are exempt from tax in most cantons, with the exception of Appenzell Innerrhoden (deduction of CHF 300,000), Vaud (tax-free amount of CHF 1 million, followed by a degressive deduction up to CHF 2 million) and Neuchâtel (deduction of CHF 50,000 for the inheritance tax). https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:fbd77c9e-1324-5726-80d3-74dfb01bade3:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"The ESTV 2025 overview describes no federal inheritance tax in Switzerland; cantonal and some municipal rules differ. It identifies an exemption for a surviving spouse or registered partner and exemptions for direct descendants in most cantons, while also recording cantonal and municipal exceptions and a special Geneva rule concerning expenditure-based taxation of the deceased. The canton, relationship, assets and applicable conditions need to be checked for the particular case.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","url":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","locator":"ESTV 2025 section9.1.6 in full; includes location, exemptions, Geneva exception and rate determinants","quote":"9.1.6 Inheritance and gift taxes\n\n Subject to inheritance tax is the transfer of assets to the statutory\n and designated heirs and to legatees.\n\n Inter vivos gifts are subject to gift tax, with the definition of “gift”\n under civil law generally being applied.\n\n Inheritance and gift taxes are levied only by the cantons and not\n by the Confederation. In a few cantons, the communes are also\n authorised to levy inheritance and gift taxes, but most of them do\n not levy the taxes themselves and instead merely take a share of\n the cantonal tax revenue.\n\n In the canton of Zug, the tax is levied by the canton but the reve-\n nue goes to the communes. The communes have their own fiscal\n sovereignty in the canton of Graubünden.\n\n\n\n\n56\n\fAlthough almost all cantons levy both inheritance and gift taxes,\nthe canton of Lucerne does not tax gifts. However, gifts made dur-\ning the five years preceding the death of a decedent are included\nin the calculation of inheritance tax.\n\nThe cantons of Schwyz and Obwalden levy neither inheritance nor\ngift taxes.\n\nIn general, the canton of the decedent’s last place of residence is\nentitled to levy inheritance tax on movable assets.\n\nInherited real estate is to be taxed in the canton where it is located.\n\nThe tax on gifts of movable assets is levied by the canton where\nthe donor is resident at the time of the gift being given. The gift\ntax on immovable property is levied again by the canton where the\nproperty is located.\n\nInheritance tax is almost entirely structured as a hereditary succes-\nsion tax. As such, it is levied individually on the inheritance share\nof each heir or legatee.\n\nThe canton of Solothurn levies an estate tax on the entire undi-\nvided estate left behind by the deceased in addition to hereditary\nsuccession tax.\n\nIn general, the recipients of an inheritance or gift are liable to tax in\nall cantons. These are heirs and legatees in the case of inheritance\ntax, and donees in the case of gift tax.\n\nInheritance and gift taxes are one-off taxes. In the case of inher-\nitance, it is generally calculated on the basis of the value of the\nassets at the time of the decedent’s death. The value of the gift at\nthe time of asset transfer is decisive for gift tax.\n\nIn principle, the market value is decisive for calculating both taxes.\nDeviations from this principle apply in certain cantons in particular\nfor securities, real estate and insurance benefits.\n\nTax exemptions, personal deductions and tax-free amounts are reg-\nulated differently in the individual cantons. However, the surviving\nspouse or registered partner is exempt from tax in all cantons.\n\nDirect descendants are exempt from tax in most cantons, with the\nexception of Appenzell Innerrhoden (deduction of CHF 300,000),\nVaud (tax-free amount of CHF 1 million, followed by a degressive\ndeduction up to CHF 2 million) and Neuchâtel (deduction of\nCHF 50,000 for the inheritance tax). Only the communes can levy\ntax on the inheritance of direct descendants in the canton of Lu-\ncerne (tax-free limit of CHF 100,000).\n\n\n\n\n \b57\n\f Direct ascendants (depending on the canton only the parents,\n stepparents or adoptive parents) are exempt from tax in the can-\n tons of Uri, Nidwalden, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, Basel Landschaft,\n Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Graubünden, Aargau, Ticino, Valais and\n Geneva. They are taxed in all other cantons, although most of them\n make provision for personal deductions (tax-free amounts).\n\n In the canton of Geneva, exemption from inheritance and gift\n tax is not permitted if the decedent (or the donor) was subject\n to expenditure-based taxation according to one of the last three\n definitive assessment decisions before the time of death (or at the\n time of the gift).\n\n The tax scales for inheritance and gift taxes are structured very\n differently in the various cantons. However, they are identical for\n both taxes in most cantons and are progressive in almost all cases.\n The tax burden generally depends on the degree of kinship and/or\n the amount of the assets. The cantons of Uri, Nidwalden, Appenzell\n Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen apply linear\n tax rates depending on the degree of kinship.\n\n The assessment of inheritance tax is mostly based on an inventory of\n the estate that has to be prepared upon the death of the decedent.\n\n Gift tax is assessed on the basis of a tax return, which has to be\n submitted by the donee in most cantons.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"107d3df05f12dbeb89b5aa148f414ef1921f378597731668ef7d805e3d0cda5a","quoteLiteralSha256":"a763680d107a39d5fd4fc2b9a7e47443e7931b7ab524c4e245c9455d1c4a5dae","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e170f6f6ddb21d597b3398b705c46734248360a22d590f6e2c9abbb1923bc77f","fingerprintSha256":"f2202f9cd9117e4498670c2d81c6a4f6a6510e8d4c9bea680d92a7d45c96aa32"}},{"document":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","url":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","locator":"Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6","quote":"Inherited real estate is to be taxed in the canton where it is located.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"107d3df05f12dbeb89b5aa148f414ef1921f378597731668ef7d805e3d0cda5a","quoteLiteralSha256":"8e7ae2c50d0acdab37fbf5ed526f3958c7e62598fbe0d859dcb5d888792fbbf3","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"3e6a5a165f2c3f1acaa702268f907825a589c0a63cd5d703bbd99dac53d10a07","fingerprintSha256":"2a2efabd3dbb1d7a1013dc4a451b80969307468455f1de2675c10d9711462bf8"}},{"document":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","url":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","locator":"Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6","quote":"The tax scales for inheritance and gift taxes are structured very\n differently in the various cantons.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"107d3df05f12dbeb89b5aa148f414ef1921f378597731668ef7d805e3d0cda5a","quoteLiteralSha256":"3286cfa193fc913606f83e5e8b640dbb430ccba660bdc92779b1a708ac0cb568","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"198d22437a485ce412fec491543ba571e5c2d961141318bc56a8646cfbe1791a","fingerprintSha256":"945857aab5410fa9ce1232a1cc73131b61aa3292bc1f8f5cc9f9df1ff970388b"}},{"document":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","url":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","locator":"Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6","quote":"However, the surviving\nspouse or registered partner is exempt from tax in all cantons.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"107d3df05f12dbeb89b5aa148f414ef1921f378597731668ef7d805e3d0cda5a","quoteLiteralSha256":"13e82e9396c8d20d0c7449589431e41e3b487d9f5454df1be139cec779300a02","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"ed90a8697e24ea9e2934b4319e2a2e9ea1e8a6eaff913f34499a103c6465b993","fingerprintSha256":"bfa8f6099edeb019b470deea6a2daa23f2cb5babb95e338fc8f659d97b7d0028"}},{"document":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","url":"https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf","locator":"Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6","quote":"Direct descendants are exempt from tax in most cantons, with the\nexception of Appenzell Innerrhoden (deduction of CHF 300,000),\nVaud (tax-free amount of CHF 1 million, followed by a degressive\ndeduction up to CHF 2 million) and Neuchâtel (deduction of\nCHF 50,000 for the inheritance tax).","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"107d3df05f12dbeb89b5aa148f414ef1921f378597731668ef7d805e3d0cda5a","quoteLiteralSha256":"f70d0b0a7fb1467ad3862e53ca0b53e7d88474167f91edafccf1018dd169b634","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"22157c9cb4ee13758ab9fc7dfce470e58ab3a1f1923cfd464e112f3995f92c52","fingerprintSha256":"1afe30014f0e4b307f28dc6bc02d60010e8bba9b3afb3825cdfa7459ea4b2516"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"ch","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"bc4217ef72a29191f560386bc5785729cfcab71363a2992f1f51dff1712e0083","publicItemSha256":"b46c4e489c74aad80c2b399296f807edba706ca05a2e2a48774457296a28d0ed","versions":[{"ref":"ans:fbd77c9e-1324-5726-80d3-74dfb01bade3:v2","key":"fbd77c9e-1324-5726-80d3-74dfb01bade3","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"8305c1a43d08ad589861364ebe930931d8da8746a724a8e674ffdd999db8a0fe","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"429ae011f420d4c6422f4b2ce1e9d666ed35737d01e58d91e26bfc9c5ba3901e","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"a4dd3dd09ca01f2af4ae3b35fb1d6950b515750746c4cb725c2d1a1a6ca32ce5","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

es · succ.tax.country_context

es / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [native_review_binding_missing]

pt · succ.tax.country_context

pt / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.tax.country_context

de / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision German inheritance-tax rates depend on tax class and taxable acquisition: class I is 7–30%, class II 15–43%, and class III 30–50%. Spouses and children have separate allowances; section 16(2) provides for a proportional reduction under limited tax liability. Further exemptions require a separate check; the overall maximum is not a personal rate. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" § 15 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 15 Steuerklassen (1) Nach dem persönlichen Verhältnis des Erwerbers zum Erblasser oder Schenker werden die folgenden drei Steuerklassen unterschieden: Steuerklasse I: 1. der Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner, 2. die Kinder und Stiefkinder, 3. die Abkömmlinge der in Nummer 2 genannten Kinder und Stiefkinder, 4. die Eltern und Voreltern bei Erwerben von Todes wegen; Steuerklasse II 1. die Eltern und Voreltern, soweit sie nicht zur Steuerklasse I gehören, 2. die Geschwister, 3. C6 tax context de_classes — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html — official section Steuerklasse I Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 die Abkömmlinge der in Nummer 2 genannten Kinder und Stiefkinder, 4. die Eltern und Voreltern bei Erwerben von Todes wegen; Steuerklasse II 1. die Eltern und Voreltern, soweit sie nicht zur Steuerklasse I gehören, 2. die Geschwister, 3. die Abkömmlinge ersten Grades von Geschwistern, 4. die Stiefeltern, 5. die Schwiegerkinder, 6. die Schwiegereltern, 7. der geschiedene Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner einer aufgehobenen Lebenspartnerschaft; Steuerklasse III: alle übrigen Erwerber und die Zweckzuwendungen. C6 tax context de_classes — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html — official section Steuerklasse II Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 die Schwiegerkinder, 6. die Schwiegereltern, 7. der geschiedene Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner einer aufgehobenen Lebenspartnerschaft; Steuerklasse III: alle übrigen Erwerber und die Zweckzuwendungen. (1a) Die Steuerklassen I und II Nr. 1 bis 3 gelten auch dann, wenn die Verwandtschaft durch Annahme als Kind bürgerlich-rechtlich erloschen ist. (2) In den Fällen des § 3 Abs. 2 Nr. 1 und § 7 Abs. 1 Nr. 8 ist der Besteuerung das Verwandtschaftsverhältnis des nach der Stiftungsurkunde entferntest Berechtigten zu dem Erblasser oder Schenker zugrunde zu legen, sofern die Stiftung wesentlich im Interesse einer Familie oder bestimmter Familien im Inland errichtet ist. C6 tax context de_classes — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html — official section Steuerklasse III Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 § 16 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 16 Freibeträge (1) Steuerfrei bleibt in den Fällen der unbeschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1) der Erwerb 1. des Ehegatten und des Lebenspartners in Höhe von 500 000 Euro; 2. der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 und der Kinder verstorbener Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 400 000 Euro; 3. der Kinder der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 200 000 Euro; 4. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse I in Höhe von 100 000 Euro; 5. der Personen der Steuerklasse II in Höhe von 20 000 Euro; 6. (weggefallen) 7. C6 tax context de_allowance — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__16.html — addressed_visible_projection:500 000 Euro Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 (1) Steuerfrei bleibt in den Fällen der unbeschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1) der Erwerb 1. des Ehegatten und des Lebenspartners in Höhe von 500 000 Euro; 2. der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 und der Kinder verstorbener Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 400 000 Euro; 3. der Kinder der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 200 000 Euro; 4. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse I in Höhe von 100 000 Euro; 5. der Personen der Steuerklasse II in Höhe von 20 000 Euro; 6. (weggefallen) 7. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse III in Höhe von 20 000 Euro. (2) In den Fällen der beschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 3) wird der Freibetrag nach Absatz 1 um einen Teilbetrag gemindert. Dieser Teilbetrag entspricht dem Verhältnis der Summe der Werte des in demselben Zeitpunkt erworbenen, nicht der beschränkten Steuerpflicht unterliegenden Vermögens und derjenigen, nicht der beschränkten Steuerpflicht unterliegenden Vermögensvorteile, die innerhalb von zehn Jahren von derselben Person angefallen sind, zum Wert des Vermögens, das insgesamt innerhalb von zehn Jahren von derselben Person angefallenen ist. Die früheren Erwerbe sind mit ihrem früheren Wert anzusetzen. C6 tax context de_allowance — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__16.html — ErbStG §16(1)–(2), including limited-liability reduction denominator and ten-year period Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 § 19 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 19 Steuersätze (1) Die Erbschaftsteuer wird nach folgenden Prozentsätzen erhoben: Wert des steuerpflichtigen Erwerbs (§ 10) bis einschließlich … Euro Prozentsatz in der Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 300 000 11 20 30 600 000 15 25 30 6 000 000 19 30 30 13 000 000 23 35 50 26 000 000 27 40 50 über 26 000 000 30 43 50 . (2) Ist im Falle des § 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 ein Teil des Vermögens der inländischen Besteuerung auf Grund eines Abkommens zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung entzogen, ist die Steuer nach dem Steuersatz zu erheben, der für den ganzen Erwerb gelten würde. C6 tax context de_rates — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__19.html — addressed_visible_projection:Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 § 19 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 19 Steuersätze (1) Die Erbschaftsteuer wird nach folgenden Prozentsätzen erhoben: Wert des steuerpflichtigen Erwerbs (§ 10) bis einschließlich … Euro Prozentsatz in der Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 300 000 11 20 30 600 000 15 25 30 6 000 000 19 30 30 13 000 000 23 35 50 26 000 000 27 40 50 über 26 000 000 30 43 50 . (2) Ist im Falle des § 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 ein Teil des Vermögens der inländischen Besteuerung auf Grund eines Abkommens zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung entzogen, ist die Steuer nach dem Steuersatz zu erheben, der für den ganzen Erwerb gelten würde. (3) Der Unterschied zwischen der Steuer, die sich bei Anwendung des Absatzes 1 ergibt, und der Steuer, die sich berechnen würde, wenn der Erwerb die letztvorhergehende Wertgrenze nicht überstiegen hätte, wird nur insoweit erhoben, als er a) bei einem Steuersatz bis zu 30 Prozent aus der Hälfte, b) bei einem Steuersatz über 30 Prozent aus drei Vierteln, des die Wertgrenze übersteigenden Betrags gedeckt werden kann. C6 tax context de_rates — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__19.html — addressed_visible_projection:über 26 000 000 30 43 50 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:6fa5f59a-7b9b-5b21-bf2c-f63dd0a59b0d:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"German inheritance-tax rates depend on tax class and taxable acquisition: class I is 7–30%, class II 15–43%, and class III 30–50%. Spouses and children have separate allowances; section 16(2) provides for a proportional reduction under limited tax liability. Further exemptions require a separate check; the overall maximum is not a personal rate.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"C6 tax context de_classes","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html","locator":"official section Steuerklasse I","quote":"§ 15 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 15 Steuerklassen (1) Nach dem persönlichen Verhältnis des Erwerbers zum Erblasser oder Schenker werden die folgenden drei Steuerklassen unterschieden: Steuerklasse I: 1. der Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner, 2. die Kinder und Stiefkinder, 3. die Abkömmlinge der in Nummer 2 genannten Kinder und Stiefkinder, 4. die Eltern und Voreltern bei Erwerben von Todes wegen; Steuerklasse II 1. die Eltern und Voreltern, soweit sie nicht zur Steuerklasse I gehören, 2. die Geschwister, 3.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9286d34b1ae4219904303ec5eed889856a53300fa148478729dc3cfd4fbd5d0a","quoteLiteralSha256":"37885afa357c21a6adb1577a173e391b0bff2fa3bd112ce24dcb82fdfab3b05a","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f7a00227f21115da67b89ce9784aea77fb29eb9e3dd3a35d4d7b7bcdfb75bfd7","fingerprintSha256":"3e79098d85d55beb1afb1835af934b5c60c38d2fb4d88a482ff70df030b94fc2"}},{"document":"C6 tax context de_classes","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html","locator":"official section Steuerklasse II","quote":"die Abkömmlinge der in Nummer 2 genannten Kinder und Stiefkinder, 4. die Eltern und Voreltern bei Erwerben von Todes wegen; Steuerklasse II 1. die Eltern und Voreltern, soweit sie nicht zur Steuerklasse I gehören, 2. die Geschwister, 3. die Abkömmlinge ersten Grades von Geschwistern, 4. die Stiefeltern, 5. die Schwiegerkinder, 6. die Schwiegereltern, 7. der geschiedene Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner einer aufgehobenen Lebenspartnerschaft; Steuerklasse III: alle übrigen Erwerber und die Zweckzuwendungen.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9286d34b1ae4219904303ec5eed889856a53300fa148478729dc3cfd4fbd5d0a","quoteLiteralSha256":"bacd31bf650c962d4c1d4f49d91f36e82d8e74ccad368fe0597e25ac0e5f7805","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"4ca7e93dd47a7a5a8cfaa9f65f65b0ea25b5fa7a7a22ea7a31a56daa0a159c7d","fingerprintSha256":"b9b6490ce083c18fb30a8385e51fc2694caa9e4cfadf506aa1d2ce2092381743"}},{"document":"C6 tax context de_classes","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html","locator":"official section Steuerklasse III","quote":"die Schwiegerkinder, 6. die Schwiegereltern, 7. der geschiedene Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner einer aufgehobenen Lebenspartnerschaft; Steuerklasse III: alle übrigen Erwerber und die Zweckzuwendungen. (1a) Die Steuerklassen I und II Nr. 1 bis 3 gelten auch dann, wenn die Verwandtschaft durch Annahme als Kind bürgerlich-rechtlich erloschen ist. (2) In den Fällen des § 3 Abs. 2 Nr. 1 und § 7 Abs. 1 Nr. 8 ist der Besteuerung das Verwandtschaftsverhältnis des nach der Stiftungsurkunde entferntest Berechtigten zu dem Erblasser oder Schenker zugrunde zu legen, sofern die Stiftung wesentlich im Interesse einer Familie oder bestimmter Familien im Inland errichtet ist.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9286d34b1ae4219904303ec5eed889856a53300fa148478729dc3cfd4fbd5d0a","quoteLiteralSha256":"d0035f227f428a4b5ac26aa9bd4d6468253e6b37bbd4956241050875027eb332","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e79202e4d7a65c0d8beb2e7b73e2ee20da31b10dc66934afd6ff6dc737ed198a","fingerprintSha256":"b034f6eff44289c47f3309a96740a0cb8cfaf2d37e0e58e660969beff9b3b576"}},{"document":"C6 tax context de_allowance","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__16.html","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:500 000 Euro","quote":"§ 16 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 16 Freibeträge (1) Steuerfrei bleibt in den Fällen der unbeschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1) der Erwerb 1. des Ehegatten und des Lebenspartners in Höhe von 500 000 Euro; 2. der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 und der Kinder verstorbener Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 400 000 Euro; 3. der Kinder der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 200 000 Euro; 4. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse I in Höhe von 100 000 Euro; 5. der Personen der Steuerklasse II in Höhe von 20 000 Euro; 6. (weggefallen) 7.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"051675fa88cee2498ac2f278f318987bde38d4d0284012d6825046e2a48e0025","quoteLiteralSha256":"d46ee0145ee24eb1835c9c74cc4048478a62d26b223fa321760e65368f610273","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5c81f0d05b0ca27ebe5ca33cc9692d7b0688b6bba35dee93de53f26e7e6892bb","fingerprintSha256":"e1c2207e60e9b2b9291f8152c1b879f178f60051ea326f92d2de9bf861d0fee1"}},{"document":"C6 tax context de_allowance","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__16.html","locator":"ErbStG §16(1)–(2), including limited-liability reduction denominator and ten-year period","quote":"(1) Steuerfrei bleibt in den Fällen der unbeschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1) der Erwerb 1. des Ehegatten und des Lebenspartners in Höhe von 500 000 Euro; 2. der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 und der Kinder verstorbener Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 400 000 Euro; 3. der Kinder der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 200 000 Euro; 4. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse I in Höhe von 100 000 Euro; 5. der Personen der Steuerklasse II in Höhe von 20 000 Euro; 6. (weggefallen) 7. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse III in Höhe von 20 000 Euro. (2) In den Fällen der beschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 3) wird der Freibetrag nach Absatz 1 um einen Teilbetrag gemindert. Dieser Teilbetrag entspricht dem Verhältnis der Summe der Werte des in demselben Zeitpunkt erworbenen, nicht der beschränkten Steuerpflicht unterliegenden Vermögens und derjenigen, nicht der beschränkten Steuerpflicht unterliegenden Vermögensvorteile, die innerhalb von zehn Jahren von derselben Person angefallen sind, zum Wert des Vermögens, das insgesamt innerhalb von zehn Jahren von derselben Person angefallenen ist. Die früheren Erwerbe sind mit ihrem früheren Wert anzusetzen.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"051675fa88cee2498ac2f278f318987bde38d4d0284012d6825046e2a48e0025","quoteLiteralSha256":"2a4fcbdc27af5689a9bcc0ec86678c8ad558a89448e3cdb93c4c12792bd75bd5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"4fcb248056609d5741f1541cf334f22bcf2c80b54c83bf15417457e1fc2f8b09","fingerprintSha256":"95c1cd7f763b499f422dd316991cad2f09cdd14887ff586c3fa093991daeb082"}},{"document":"C6 tax context de_rates","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__19.html","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30","quote":"§ 19 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 19 Steuersätze (1) Die Erbschaftsteuer wird nach folgenden Prozentsätzen erhoben: Wert des steuerpflichtigen Erwerbs (§ 10) bis einschließlich … Euro Prozentsatz in der Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 300 000 11 20 30 600 000 15 25 30 6 000 000 19 30 30 13 000 000 23 35 50 26 000 000 27 40 50 über 26 000 000 30 43 50 . (2) Ist im Falle des § 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 ein Teil des Vermögens der inländischen Besteuerung auf Grund eines Abkommens zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung entzogen, ist die Steuer nach dem Steuersatz zu erheben, der für den ganzen Erwerb gelten würde.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"f71cdb02ac9e348fb861e0b7661966181d805ad37274ca87cfcdc04802e46cb7","quoteLiteralSha256":"f0b4c416257ab5760de60b75f75154857517c1cff13d6d484048c7082fd83d11","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"c6e89f5f33a3938c37eb1a969da2a3f959f7d7b8a16b06488ae6d2112b42d4fd","fingerprintSha256":"a3709259162e70efa700bd293996d5ce8d2116bd38ca638f7e5a37bae2fa36c6"}},{"document":"C6 tax context de_rates","url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__19.html","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:über 26 000 000 30 43 50","quote":"§ 19 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 19 Steuersätze (1) Die Erbschaftsteuer wird nach folgenden Prozentsätzen erhoben: Wert des steuerpflichtigen Erwerbs (§ 10) bis einschließlich … Euro Prozentsatz in der Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 300 000 11 20 30 600 000 15 25 30 6 000 000 19 30 30 13 000 000 23 35 50 26 000 000 27 40 50 über 26 000 000 30 43 50 . (2) Ist im Falle des § 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 ein Teil des Vermögens der inländischen Besteuerung auf Grund eines Abkommens zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung entzogen, ist die Steuer nach dem Steuersatz zu erheben, der für den ganzen Erwerb gelten würde. (3) Der Unterschied zwischen der Steuer, die sich bei Anwendung des Absatzes 1 ergibt, und der Steuer, die sich berechnen würde, wenn der Erwerb die letztvorhergehende Wertgrenze nicht überstiegen hätte, wird nur insoweit erhoben, als er a) bei einem Steuersatz bis zu 30 Prozent aus der Hälfte, b) bei einem Steuersatz über 30 Prozent aus drei Vierteln, des die Wertgrenze übersteigenden Betrags gedeckt werden kann.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"f71cdb02ac9e348fb861e0b7661966181d805ad37274ca87cfcdc04802e46cb7","quoteLiteralSha256":"3a95a293491325f6b04c8cb55e377c1e9bf84e92d553a2bb823622ac738406f4","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"eaa7693cda76e391d960d1f12fe46675a5d9501b62187e9a3ebe9f0769dbd7ff","fingerprintSha256":"87dc7d3d57e15d36e80c25b744f7edb32ad4e6116a3b470cb5203d43625e2248"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"de","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"568b8e56b8cf8d44e9de909cc95d6dc8db3347cde603b6a6ec0a2ff642ecf4c7","publicItemSha256":"1be49a6bb7392bb510110bccf01820e727aa0c00504f2027e8ff41cc7a55baaf","versions":[{"ref":"ans:6fa5f59a-7b9b-5b21-bf2c-f63dd0a59b0d:v2","key":"6fa5f59a-7b9b-5b21-bf2c-f63dd0a59b0d","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"cf875753f55783ed8c4415f5ba6d6080af1393931c26c879dae4279fa24d6d5e","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"69ac3ba8b670f013252a3f120e5a431117fb7019d85b4b1cdf5e26903928e9cf","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"93cf80b5234e95d73a3b477aa1d5d6d7970150a1259f3d2dd44a4954554fc0f9","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

fr · succ.tax.country_context

fr / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision French inheritance tax depends on kinship and each taxable share: direct-line heirs face a 5–45% progression, siblings 35/45% where the specified exemption does not apply, relatives up to the fourth degree 55%, and other beneficiaries 60%; a spouse or PACS partner is generally exempt. French real estate of a nonresident decedent is within French tax scope, but heir residence, other assets and a treaty may alter the overall reach. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" Un proche non-résident est décédé et vous êtes un des bénéficiaires de la succession. Retrouvez dans cette partie les démarches que vous devez effectuer. Biens imposables biens situés en France appartenant au défunt ; biens situés en France et à l'étranger si un des héritiers était résident français, 6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années précédant le décès. Quand et où déclarer ? Si décès en France : dans les 6 mois du décès. Si décès à l'étranger : dans les 12 mois du décès. Lieu : Recette des Non résidents (la déclaration doit être accompagnée du paiement). Calcul des droits de succession Les modalités de calcul (abattements et réductions d'impôt) sont celles applicables aux résidents. Documentation utile Consulter les conventions internationales Questions fréquentes Auprès de quel service dois-je payer les droits de succession et selon quelles modalités ? C6 tax context fr_nexus_dgfip — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/international-particulier/comment-et-ou-declarer-la-succession-en-france — addressed_visible_projection:6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Publié le 24/03/2016, modifié le 05/10/2016 | Lecture 1 minute Imprimer l'article Vous résidez en France. Un proche non-résident est décédé et vous êtes un des bénéficiaires de la succession. Retrouvez dans cette partie les démarches que vous devez effectuer. Biens imposables biens situés en France appartenant au défunt ; biens situés en France et à l'étranger si un des héritiers était résident français, 6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années précédant le décès. Quand et où déclarer ? Si décès en France : dans les 6 mois du décès. Si décès à l'étranger : dans les 12 mois du décès. Lieu : Recette des Non résidents (la déclaration doit être accompagnée du paiement). Calcul des droits de succession Les modalités de calcul (abattements et réductions d'impôt) sont celles applicables aux résidents. C6 tax context fr_nexus_dgfip — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/international-particulier/comment-et-ou-declarer-la-succession-en-france — addressed_visible_projection:biens situés en France appartenant au défunt Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Les héritiers en ligne directe : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 8 072€ 5 % Comprise entre 8 072€ et 12 109€ 10 % Comprise entre 12 109€ et 15 932€ 15 % Comprise entre 15 932€ et 552 324€ 20 % Comprise entre 552 324€ et 902 838€ 30 % Comprise entre 902 838€ et 1 805 677€ 40 % Supérieure à 1 805 677€ 45 % Les frères et sœurs : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 24 430€ 35 % Supérieure à 24 430 € 45 % Les parents jusqu’au 4 e degré (inclus) : Taux unique de 55 %. Les autres héritiers : Taux unique de 60 %. Cette réponse vous a-t-elle été utile ? Oui Moyen Non Aucune option n’a été sélectionnée. Pour soumettre votre avis, veuillez sélectionner une option. Merci, votre avis a bien été pris en compte. Avez-vous rencontré une difficulté ? C'est trop compliqué Il manque des informations C'est trop long à lire Cette page ne correspond pas à ma situation La réglementation ne me convient pas Aucune option n’a été sélectionnée. C6 tax context fr_rates — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/questions/comment-dois-je-calculer-les-droits-de-succession — addressed_visible_projection:Taux unique de 60 % Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Préambule : cas d’exonération possibles 1/ le conjoint survivant ou le partenaire de PACS est exonéré de droits de succession. 2/ le(s) frère(s) ou sœur(s) du défunt, peuvent également bénéficier d’une exonération de droits de succession lorsque les 3 conditions cumulatives suivantes sont remplies : • être célibataire, veuf(ve), divorcé(e) ou séparé(e) au moment du décès ; • être âgé(e) de plus de 50 ans ou invalide au moment du décès ; • avoir été constamment domicilié avec le défunt pendant les 5 ans ayant précédé le décès. Calcul des droits de succession L'actif net taxable La détermination de l'actif net taxable tient compte de l'actif (inventaire des biens) et du passif (les dettes). Pour déterminer l’actif net taxable, le passif est retranché de l’actif. Cet actif net taxable est réparti entre chaque héritier en fonction de l'ordre des héritiers et en tenant compte des éventuelles donations antérieures, il représente votre actif successoral taxable. Les frais funéraires sont déduits de l'actif de la succession pour un montant de 1 500 €, et pour la totalité de l'actif si celui-ci est inférieur à ce montant. Part taxable Les héritiers peuvent bénéficier d’un abattement personnel en fonction de leur lien de parenté avec le défunt et de leur situation personnelle, à condition qu’ils ne l’aient pas déjà utilisé dans les 15 années précédant le décès. Pour déterminer la part taxable, l’abattement personnel est retranché de l’actif net taxable personnel (cf ci-dessus). Cet abattement est de : 100 000 € pour un enfant, un père ou une mère ; 15 932 € pour un frère ou une sœur ; 7 967 € pour un neveu ou une nièce ; 1 594 € en l’absence d’un autre abattement applicable. Les personnes handicapées remplissant les conditions (précisées dans ce développement du Bulletin Officiel des Finances Publiques ) bénéficieront d’un abattement supplémentaire de 159 325 €. Tarif A cette part taxable est appliquée un tarif qui diffère en fonction de la qualité de l’héritier. En matière de tarification, il est fait application d’un barème progressif. Les héritiers en ligne directe : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 8 072€ 5 % Comprise entre 8 072€ et 12 109€ 10 % Comprise entre 12 109€ et 15 932€ 15 % Comprise entre 15 932€ et 552 324€ 20 % Comprise entre 552 324€ et 902 838€ 30 % Comprise entre 902 838€ et 1 805 677€ 40 % Supérieure à 1 805 677€ 45 % Les frères et sœurs : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 24 430€ 35 % Supérieure à 24 430 € 45 % Les parents jusqu’au 4 e degré (inclus) : Taux unique de 55 %. Les autres héritiers : Taux unique de 60 %. C6 tax context fr_rates — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/questions/comment-dois-je-calculer-les-droits-de-succession — DGFiP whole answer: spouse/PACS and cumulative sibling exemptions, net estate, allowances and all rate bands Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:6c7c9b0e-56ac-54cf-8b6e-aa233b615f76:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"French inheritance tax depends on kinship and each taxable share: direct-line heirs face a 5–45% progression, siblings 35/45% where the specified exemption does not apply, relatives up to the fourth degree 55%, and other beneficiaries 60%; a spouse or PACS partner is generally exempt. French real estate of a nonresident decedent is within French tax scope, but heir residence, other assets and a treaty may alter the overall reach.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"C6 tax context fr_nexus_dgfip","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/international-particulier/comment-et-ou-declarer-la-succession-en-france","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années","quote":"Un proche non-résident est décédé et vous êtes un des bénéficiaires de la succession. Retrouvez dans cette partie les démarches que vous devez effectuer. Biens imposables biens situés en France appartenant au défunt ; biens situés en France et à l'étranger si un des héritiers était résident français, 6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années précédant le décès. Quand et où déclarer ? Si décès en France : dans les 6 mois du décès. Si décès à l'étranger : dans les 12 mois du décès. Lieu : Recette des Non résidents (la déclaration doit être accompagnée du paiement). Calcul des droits de succession Les modalités de calcul (abattements et réductions d'impôt) sont celles applicables aux résidents. Documentation utile Consulter les conventions internationales Questions fréquentes Auprès de quel service dois-je payer les droits de succession et selon quelles modalités ?","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9125165be4643d233a29f89b3044d1c69a548b8ee035eaf97250cb8cba652884","quoteLiteralSha256":"e10370b6703284c04c3f0e99522d123315ad68be30428fc159f252c9216dd69b","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"147aed69c6414987e73885dee3008d4f0af441dce49fc62adf1280675bad8a28","fingerprintSha256":"3f2780774071483afa6f9aa126e277b7b1e0de0c2b7174b7bc2ebedfa5ba80db"}},{"document":"C6 tax context fr_nexus_dgfip","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/international-particulier/comment-et-ou-declarer-la-succession-en-france","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:biens situés en France appartenant au défunt","quote":"Publié le 24/03/2016, modifié le 05/10/2016 | Lecture 1 minute Imprimer l'article Vous résidez en France. Un proche non-résident est décédé et vous êtes un des bénéficiaires de la succession. Retrouvez dans cette partie les démarches que vous devez effectuer. Biens imposables biens situés en France appartenant au défunt ; biens situés en France et à l'étranger si un des héritiers était résident français, 6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années précédant le décès. Quand et où déclarer ? Si décès en France : dans les 6 mois du décès. Si décès à l'étranger : dans les 12 mois du décès. Lieu : Recette des Non résidents (la déclaration doit être accompagnée du paiement). Calcul des droits de succession Les modalités de calcul (abattements et réductions d'impôt) sont celles applicables aux résidents.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9125165be4643d233a29f89b3044d1c69a548b8ee035eaf97250cb8cba652884","quoteLiteralSha256":"02d2eb232a81a2c690c4282c5ff1b931b2c4194f602d621016f1eae8901ca7b6","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"a82583df310fb5c54c56d5feb343e50899d5e02574e874fa96c44ad69d006515","fingerprintSha256":"aadfa79d77a6faa19cf236d98a59b49c5ea1fa7b1273ecdb62616e254d6f16be"}},{"document":"C6 tax context fr_rates","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/questions/comment-dois-je-calculer-les-droits-de-succession","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:Taux unique de 60 %","quote":"Les héritiers en ligne directe : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 8 072€ 5 % Comprise entre 8 072€ et 12 109€ 10 % Comprise entre 12 109€ et 15 932€ 15 % Comprise entre 15 932€ et 552 324€ 20 % Comprise entre 552 324€ et 902 838€ 30 % Comprise entre 902 838€ et 1 805 677€ 40 % Supérieure à 1 805 677€ 45 % Les frères et sœurs : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 24 430€ 35 % Supérieure à 24 430 € 45 % Les parents jusqu’au 4 e degré (inclus) : Taux unique de 55 %. Les autres héritiers : Taux unique de 60 %. Cette réponse vous a-t-elle été utile ? Oui Moyen Non Aucune option n’a été sélectionnée. Pour soumettre votre avis, veuillez sélectionner une option. Merci, votre avis a bien été pris en compte. Avez-vous rencontré une difficulté ? C'est trop compliqué Il manque des informations C'est trop long à lire Cette page ne correspond pas à ma situation La réglementation ne me convient pas Aucune option n’a été sélectionnée.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8df505cdb1bc87d0915cf8bd0558cea286164e55650c05eb3c64b23a24173346","quoteLiteralSha256":"82dbd1f0fa3567abf368fe9a9d6069c3117a51ccb66af4899ab4a3cfe6a11308","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"04e3d730589468c5f546d5e38f2ec6276aaa9e61f52c1ed1d1252189a5994e83","fingerprintSha256":"9dc1ff9526fee6b01b58b8fdf95c5d31ffc7b748fae3056cabef47dcd8d6d9f4"}},{"document":"C6 tax context fr_rates","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/questions/comment-dois-je-calculer-les-droits-de-succession","locator":"DGFiP whole answer: spouse/PACS and cumulative sibling exemptions, net estate, allowances and all rate bands","quote":"Préambule : cas d’exonération possibles 1/ le conjoint survivant ou le partenaire de PACS est exonéré de droits de succession. 2/ le(s) frère(s) ou sœur(s) du défunt, peuvent également bénéficier d’une exonération de droits de succession lorsque les 3 conditions cumulatives suivantes sont remplies : • être célibataire, veuf(ve), divorcé(e) ou séparé(e) au moment du décès ; • être âgé(e) de plus de 50 ans ou invalide au moment du décès ; • avoir été constamment domicilié avec le défunt pendant les 5 ans ayant précédé le décès. Calcul des droits de succession L'actif net taxable La détermination de l'actif net taxable tient compte de l'actif (inventaire des biens) et du passif (les dettes). Pour déterminer l’actif net taxable, le passif est retranché de l’actif. Cet actif net taxable est réparti entre chaque héritier en fonction de l'ordre des héritiers et en tenant compte des éventuelles donations antérieures, il représente votre actif successoral taxable. Les frais funéraires sont déduits de l'actif de la succession pour un montant de 1 500 €, et pour la totalité de l'actif si celui-ci est inférieur à ce montant. Part taxable Les héritiers peuvent bénéficier d’un abattement personnel en fonction de leur lien de parenté avec le défunt et de leur situation personnelle, à condition qu’ils ne l’aient pas déjà utilisé dans les 15 années précédant le décès. Pour déterminer la part taxable, l’abattement personnel est retranché de l’actif net taxable personnel (cf ci-dessus). Cet abattement est de : 100 000 € pour un enfant, un père ou une mère ; 15 932 € pour un frère ou une sœur ; 7 967 € pour un neveu ou une nièce ; 1 594 € en l’absence d’un autre abattement applicable. Les personnes handicapées remplissant les conditions (précisées dans ce développement du Bulletin Officiel des Finances Publiques ) bénéficieront d’un abattement supplémentaire de 159 325 €. Tarif A cette part taxable est appliquée un tarif qui diffère en fonction de la qualité de l’héritier. En matière de tarification, il est fait application d’un barème progressif. Les héritiers en ligne directe : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 8 072€ 5 % Comprise entre 8 072€ et 12 109€ 10 % Comprise entre 12 109€ et 15 932€ 15 % Comprise entre 15 932€ et 552 324€ 20 % Comprise entre 552 324€ et 902 838€ 30 % Comprise entre 902 838€ et 1 805 677€ 40 % Supérieure à 1 805 677€ 45 % Les frères et sœurs : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 24 430€ 35 % Supérieure à 24 430 € 45 % Les parents jusqu’au 4 e degré (inclus) : Taux unique de 55 %. Les autres héritiers : Taux unique de 60 %.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8df505cdb1bc87d0915cf8bd0558cea286164e55650c05eb3c64b23a24173346","quoteLiteralSha256":"8b520474f03b2d3cc90a134507fee4dcc890aa3b6f236107933d4c3716ffa3f1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"95bd4d623fce182b524e953b5a5cbec5f6e2dffbd2cb1054cf80d46b5e0fe60a","fingerprintSha256":"79c6088a58b99a91e13d0fd8411e7ffeaf6062ac66e239721cac8a5cbdea8ec7"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"fr","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"bbf0283f4418c8940ee0e4b209915ffca623ea4d09fb690ac6c8ca1ff3e1dff5","publicItemSha256":"78feb5fced7d034be7e1b804ad770fd23aadaa0765f754c8a0f2e673d1488ff8","versions":[{"ref":"ans:6c7c9b0e-56ac-54cf-8b6e-aa233b615f76:v2","key":"6c7c9b0e-56ac-54cf-8b6e-aa233b615f76","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"d04b592568155855d69114a6dec825428f9c41bb68475f433168e6b935a2fe5b","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"0fc4ca198d185ab531709447bd9d31296cb9f83a1f87f5a7f944110909bb57c4","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"356b8686d65e6d82491ea060e34afcf93db567107fb55868f02f195c87dec822","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

il · succ.tax.country_context

il / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.tax.country_context

us / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision US federal estate tax uses a progressive schedule with a top 40% marginal rate above $1 million of the relevant tax-computation amount. For a decedent who at death was neither US domiciled nor a US citizen for estate-tax purposes, the executor must file Form 706-NA if death-date US-situs assets, the specified gift-tax exemption for gifts made from 9 September through 31 December 1976, and adjusted taxable gifts after 31 December 1976 together exceed $60,000. The ordinary maximum unified credit of $13,000 corresponds to tax on the first $60,000 under the base schedule; treaties, US-territory and expatriation rules and other conditions can change the calculation. Stock issued by a US-law corporation is generally US situs. These are decedent-estate rules, not a personal allowance for a foreign heir. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" To the taxable estate, add the value of lifetime taxable gifts, beginning with gifts made in 1977, of tangible or intangible property located in the United States that was transferred directly or indirectly, and not included in the gross estate. If the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of the adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000, the executor must file a Form 706-NA for the decedent’s estate. The filing threshold for Form 706-NA is not indexed for inflation. See the Instructions for Form 706-NA for additional information on the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts. The Form 706-NA, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return Estate of nonresident not a citizen of the United States , if required, must be filed within 9 months after the date of death unless an extension of time to file was granted. C6 tax context us_nrnc — https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/estate-tax-for-nonresidents-not-citizens-of-the-united-states — addressed_visible_projection:filing threshold of $60,000 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 For estate tax purposes, a citizen of a U.S. possession is not a U.S. citizen. U.S.-situated assets that are subject to estate tax include, for example: Real estate located in the U.S., Tangible personal property (excluding some art), and Stock of corporations organized in or under U.S. law, even if the nonresident held the certificates abroad or registered the certificates in the name of a nominee. Examples of property treated as situated outside the U.S., and therefore not subject to the U.S. estate tax, include certain deposits and debt obligations described in Section 871(g)-(i), bank accounts deposited with a foreign branch of a domestic commercial banking business, and proceeds of life insurance on the life of a nonresident who is not a U.S. citizen. C6 tax context us_situs — https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/some-nonresidents-with-us-assets-must-file-estate-tax-returns — IRS US-situs examples and complete concluding excluded-property sentence Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Center Kansas City, MO 64999 Part II—Tax Computation Lines 4 and 5 To determine the tentative tax on the amount on line 2 (to be entered on line 5) and the tentative tax on the amount on line 3 (to be entered on line 4), use Table A—Unified Rate Schedule in the version of the Instructions for Form 706 that corresponds to the decedent's date of death. Line 7 Enter the unified credit. The unified credit is allowed for the smaller of the line 6 amount or the maximum unified credit. In general, the maximum unified credit is $13,000. For a citizen of a U.S. territory (see section 2209), the maximum unified credit is the greater of: $13,000, or The product of $46,800 times a fraction. The numerator of the fraction is the part of the gross estate located in the United States (line 1 of Part IV), and the denominator is the entire gross estate wherever located (line 3 of Part IV). If the unified credit is affected by a treaty, see section 2102(b)(3)(A). C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na — addressed_visible_projection:maximum unified credit is $13,000 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Who Must File The executor must file Form 706-NA if the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000. The gift tax specific exemption refers to the amount allowed for gifts made by the decedent between September 9, 1976, and December 31, 1976, inclusive. The amount of adjusted taxable gifts refers to the amount of adjusted taxable gifts made by the decedent after December 31, 1976. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na — Form706-NA complete filing formula and historic gift definitions Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Definitions The following definitions apply in these instructions. United States. The United States means the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Domicile. For estate tax purposes, a person acquires domicile in a place by living there, for even a brief period of time, with no definite present intention of later moving. See Regulations section 20.0-1 for more information. Nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC). For estate tax purposes, a decedent is a nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC) if the decedent is neither domiciled in nor a citizen of the United States at the time of death. A decedent who acquired U.S. citizenship solely by reason of being a citizen of a U.S. territory or by reason of birth or residence within a U.S. territory is not treated as a U.S. citizen. Note. A decedent may be a U.S. resident for income tax purposes yet be considered a nonresident for estate tax purposes. Long-term U.S. resident. A long-term U.S. resident is an individual (other than a U.S. citizen) who has been a lawful permanent resident of the United States (green card holder) for income tax purposes in at least 8 of the last 15 tax years ending with the tax year in which U.S. income tax residency is terminated. For more information, see section 877(e). For information regarding the definition of lawful permanent resident, including circumstances in which the lawful permanent resident status of a treaty resident is considered terminated, see the Instructions for Form 8854, Initial and Annual Expatriation Statement. Executor. An executor is the personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, or administratrix of the decedent’s estate. If no executor is appointed, qualified, and acting in the United States, every person in actual or constructive possession of any of the decedent's property is considered an executor and must file a return. If more than one person must file, it is preferable that they join in filing one complete return. Otherwise, each person must file as complete a return as possible, including a full description of the property and each person's name who holds an interest in it. Executors must provide documentation proving their status. Documentation will vary but may include a certified copy of the will or a court order designating the executor(s). A statement by the executor(s) attesting to their status is insufficient. Expatriate. A decedent is an expatriate if the decedent relinquished U.S. citizenship or terminated long-term residency. Special estate tax rules may apply to decedents who expatriated from the United States prior to death. See Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates , next. Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates Expatriation on or after June 17, 2008. Decedent’s who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, generally are subject to U.S. estate tax in the same manner as all other NRNC decedents. Note. For decedents who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, and were “covered expatriates” as defined in section 877A(g)(1), any bequests or other transfers from the covered expatriate decedent’s estate to a U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary may subject the U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary to the section 2801 tax on the receipt of the gift or bequest. For more information on the section 2801 tax, see section 2801. To avoid the potential for subjecting property to both estate tax (payable by the executor of the covered expatriate decedent's estate) and section 2801 tax (payable by the U.S. citizen or resident receiving the property), any required Form 706-NA should be timely filed. See section 2801(e)(2)(B) and Regulations section 28.2801-3(c)(2) for details. Expatriation after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008. Special estate tax rules under section 2107 apply to determine the value of the decedent’s U.S. taxable estate if the decedent was subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) on the date of death. See the instructions for Line 6a and Line 6b , later. A decedent is subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) (and thus is subject to section 2107), if the decedent expatriated after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008, and also met one of three tests set out under section 877(a). The decedent’s average annual net income tax liability for the 5 tax years ending before the date of expatriation is: $124,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2004, $127,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2005, $131,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2006, $136,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2007, and $139,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2008. The decedent’s net worth was $2 million or more on the date of expatriation. The decedent’s failure to certify on Form 8854 that the decedent complied with all federal tax obligations for the 5 tax years preceding the date of expatriation. The 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) commences when Form 8854 is filed. See section 877, 2107, and 7701(n) as in effect before June 17, 2008, and Form 8854 for additional information regarding the 10-year alternative tax regime. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na — Form706-NA definitions and special expatriation rules, including distinction from income-tax residence Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 Table A—Unified Rate Schedule Column A Taxable amount over Column B Taxable amount not over Column C Tax on amount in column A Column D Rate of tax on excess over amount in column A $0 $10,000 $0 18% 10,000 20,000 1,800 20% 20,000 40,000 3,800 22% 40,000 60,000 8,200 24% 60,000 80,000 13,000 26% 80,000 100,000 18,200 28% 100,000 150,000 23,800 30% 150,000 250,000 38,800 32% 250,000 500,000 70,800 34% 500,000 750,000 155,800 37% 750,000 1,000,000 248,300 39% 1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Line 1 If you elected alternate valuation on Part III, line 1, enter the amount you entered in the “Alternate value” column of Part V, item 13. Otherwise, enter the amount from the “Value at date of death” column. Line 3b. State Death Tax Deduction You may take a deduction on line 3b for estate, inheritance, legacy, or succession taxes paid on any property included in the gross estate as the result of the decedent’s death to any state or the District of Columbia. C6 tax context us_instr_706 — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706 — addressed_visible_projection:1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:a542a55f-c49b-5652-9b15-2a70afcdb5ae:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"US federal estate tax uses a progressive schedule with a top 40% marginal rate above $1 million of the relevant tax-computation amount. For a decedent who at death was neither US domiciled nor a US citizen for estate-tax purposes, the executor must file Form 706-NA if death-date US-situs assets, the specified gift-tax exemption for gifts made from 9 September through 31 December 1976, and adjusted taxable gifts after 31 December 1976 together exceed $60,000. The ordinary maximum unified credit of $13,000 corresponds to tax on the first $60,000 under the base schedule; treaties, US-territory and expatriation rules and other conditions can change the calculation. Stock issued by a US-law corporation is generally US situs. These are decedent-estate rules, not a personal allowance for a foreign heir.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"C6 tax context us_nrnc","url":"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/estate-tax-for-nonresidents-not-citizens-of-the-united-states","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:filing threshold of $60,000","quote":"To the taxable estate, add the value of lifetime taxable gifts, beginning with gifts made in 1977, of tangible or intangible property located in the United States that was transferred directly or indirectly, and not included in the gross estate. If the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of the adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000, the executor must file a Form 706-NA for the decedent’s estate. The filing threshold for Form 706-NA is not indexed for inflation. See the Instructions for Form 706-NA for additional information on the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts. The Form 706-NA, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return Estate of nonresident not a citizen of the United States , if required, must be filed within 9 months after the date of death unless an extension of time to file was granted.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d546729c272ada495d1fe7d6a74cb6ecbe981397aedb8fec1883b6d0b2d38b9c","quoteLiteralSha256":"61079696e50d010ac95e65b9de6c8385b9614022ce48be9a0948b95403d2e7a5","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"5b922c2080bd7a6b154d7f90979f35f32128a3553f655b54bd3e22c746be7518","fingerprintSha256":"5021b2449ab7ac474f784ee92996505e8e80cc9267b06f3d3a0e684ef8bdd7bc"}},{"document":"C6 tax context us_situs","url":"https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/some-nonresidents-with-us-assets-must-file-estate-tax-returns","locator":"IRS US-situs examples and complete concluding excluded-property sentence","quote":"For estate tax purposes, a citizen of a U.S. possession is not a U.S. citizen. U.S.-situated assets that are subject to estate tax include, for example: Real estate located in the U.S., Tangible personal property (excluding some art), and Stock of corporations organized in or under U.S. law, even if the nonresident held the certificates abroad or registered the certificates in the name of a nominee. Examples of property treated as situated outside the U.S., and therefore not subject to the U.S. estate tax, include certain deposits and debt obligations described in Section 871(g)-(i), bank accounts deposited with a foreign branch of a domestic commercial banking business, and proceeds of life insurance on the life of a nonresident who is not a U.S. citizen.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d9e2b8b4cdbb8739abe34b8becf49a1a3a4db7cbf071b911bea7118b6f845e14","quoteLiteralSha256":"d6cb29d8aeb6b5560bcb4ecadab937e9ef4cf16b1c638e715b7dbd0373ac7e45","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"0e1e029adb89bba8a242dd39ce77cca2dbbbd2d374458a4a30f2bb604b66caf6","fingerprintSha256":"fcc75ca591b2d5b9aa0c8a492adf662cf45cfdcde33ab124208e06ef41959005"}},{"document":"C6 tax context us_instr_na","url":"https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:maximum unified credit is $13,000","quote":"Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Center Kansas City, MO 64999 Part II—Tax Computation Lines 4 and 5 To determine the tentative tax on the amount on line 2 (to be entered on line 5) and the tentative tax on the amount on line 3 (to be entered on line 4), use Table A—Unified Rate Schedule in the version of the Instructions for Form 706 that corresponds to the decedent's date of death. Line 7 Enter the unified credit. The unified credit is allowed for the smaller of the line 6 amount or the maximum unified credit. In general, the maximum unified credit is $13,000. For a citizen of a U.S. territory (see section 2209), the maximum unified credit is the greater of: $13,000, or The product of $46,800 times a fraction. The numerator of the fraction is the part of the gross estate located in the United States (line 1 of Part IV), and the denominator is the entire gross estate wherever located (line 3 of Part IV). If the unified credit is affected by a treaty, see section 2102(b)(3)(A).","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9eb209d2a0ab7c8fc54cb626c1449d6b394dd598b4c1608e3432681a1d76fa3b","quoteLiteralSha256":"a1294a45ef6a6a07a04617ac5a65b6fdcf8f16e50f65042104078c8e0d442c93","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"853b5abdb8c42e91b6505407d2169128c6e7ec529fb902500064d5a81f27b162","fingerprintSha256":"fec0417521118e509759c2538536808d8535a0653fa6e4c8ae46b19919099ded"}},{"document":"C6 tax context us_instr_na","url":"https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na","locator":"Form706-NA complete filing formula and historic gift definitions","quote":"Who Must File The executor must file Form 706-NA if the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000. The gift tax specific exemption refers to the amount allowed for gifts made by the decedent between September 9, 1976, and December 31, 1976, inclusive. The amount of adjusted taxable gifts refers to the amount of adjusted taxable gifts made by the decedent after December 31, 1976.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9eb209d2a0ab7c8fc54cb626c1449d6b394dd598b4c1608e3432681a1d76fa3b","quoteLiteralSha256":"91abd5caca0078b937d8455f6d6d0bc0002ed21ce6c38a124595465425672631","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e09b4ed7de6f09326a90e632881f9205fdcd326d30e6312fe3ff82f8d591cfab","fingerprintSha256":"52d36cc2d74b73c26cc24dd871de3a112ddc7974405e8a6c123ce0b57873dbde"}},{"document":"C6 tax context us_instr_na","url":"https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na","locator":"Form706-NA definitions and special expatriation rules, including distinction from income-tax residence","quote":"Definitions The following definitions apply in these instructions. United States. The United States means the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Domicile. For estate tax purposes, a person acquires domicile in a place by living there, for even a brief period of time, with no definite present intention of later moving. See Regulations section 20.0-1 for more information. Nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC). For estate tax purposes, a decedent is a nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC) if the decedent is neither domiciled in nor a citizen of the United States at the time of death. A decedent who acquired U.S. citizenship solely by reason of being a citizen of a U.S. territory or by reason of birth or residence within a U.S. territory is not treated as a U.S. citizen. Note. A decedent may be a U.S. resident for income tax purposes yet be considered a nonresident for estate tax purposes. Long-term U.S. resident. A long-term U.S. resident is an individual (other than a U.S. citizen) who has been a lawful permanent resident of the United States (green card holder) for income tax purposes in at least 8 of the last 15 tax years ending with the tax year in which U.S. income tax residency is terminated. For more information, see section 877(e). For information regarding the definition of lawful permanent resident, including circumstances in which the lawful permanent resident status of a treaty resident is considered terminated, see the Instructions for Form 8854, Initial and Annual Expatriation Statement. Executor. An executor is the personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, or administratrix of the decedent’s estate. If no executor is appointed, qualified, and acting in the United States, every person in actual or constructive possession of any of the decedent's property is considered an executor and must file a return. If more than one person must file, it is preferable that they join in filing one complete return. Otherwise, each person must file as complete a return as possible, including a full description of the property and each person's name who holds an interest in it. Executors must provide documentation proving their status. Documentation will vary but may include a certified copy of the will or a court order designating the executor(s). A statement by the executor(s) attesting to their status is insufficient. Expatriate. A decedent is an expatriate if the decedent relinquished U.S. citizenship or terminated long-term residency. Special estate tax rules may apply to decedents who expatriated from the United States prior to death. See Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates , next. Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates Expatriation on or after June 17, 2008. Decedent’s who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, generally are subject to U.S. estate tax in the same manner as all other NRNC decedents. Note. For decedents who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, and were “covered expatriates” as defined in section 877A(g)(1), any bequests or other transfers from the covered expatriate decedent’s estate to a U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary may subject the U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary to the section 2801 tax on the receipt of the gift or bequest. For more information on the section 2801 tax, see section 2801. To avoid the potential for subjecting property to both estate tax (payable by the executor of the covered expatriate decedent's estate) and section 2801 tax (payable by the U.S. citizen or resident receiving the property), any required Form 706-NA should be timely filed. See section 2801(e)(2)(B) and Regulations section 28.2801-3(c)(2) for details. Expatriation after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008. Special estate tax rules under section 2107 apply to determine the value of the decedent’s U.S. taxable estate if the decedent was subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) on the date of death. See the instructions for Line 6a and Line 6b , later. A decedent is subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) (and thus is subject to section 2107), if the decedent expatriated after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008, and also met one of three tests set out under section 877(a). The decedent’s average annual net income tax liability for the 5 tax years ending before the date of expatriation is: $124,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2004, $127,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2005, $131,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2006, $136,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2007, and $139,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2008. The decedent’s net worth was $2 million or more on the date of expatriation. The decedent’s failure to certify on Form 8854 that the decedent complied with all federal tax obligations for the 5 tax years preceding the date of expatriation. The 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) commences when Form 8854 is filed. See section 877, 2107, and 7701(n) as in effect before June 17, 2008, and Form 8854 for additional information regarding the 10-year alternative tax regime.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"9eb209d2a0ab7c8fc54cb626c1449d6b394dd598b4c1608e3432681a1d76fa3b","quoteLiteralSha256":"44cb58bac8c6c9bed32b1146174e1840a0c158ced0e8ebe603b1e9c921929d4c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"7da675de6966584c5b8a648b4bff4192c8a9b57723503de5738919782ac381c1","fingerprintSha256":"ba0bd0324cdaa794c426519436c09242719185989d235ed7688d6f67036b6730"}},{"document":"C6 tax context us_instr_706","url":"https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40%","quote":"Table A—Unified Rate Schedule Column A Taxable amount over Column B Taxable amount not over Column C Tax on amount in column A Column D Rate of tax on excess over amount in column A $0 $10,000 $0 18% 10,000 20,000 1,800 20% 20,000 40,000 3,800 22% 40,000 60,000 8,200 24% 60,000 80,000 13,000 26% 80,000 100,000 18,200 28% 100,000 150,000 23,800 30% 150,000 250,000 38,800 32% 250,000 500,000 70,800 34% 500,000 750,000 155,800 37% 750,000 1,000,000 248,300 39% 1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Line 1 If you elected alternate valuation on Part III, line 1, enter the amount you entered in the “Alternate value” column of Part V, item 13. Otherwise, enter the amount from the “Value at date of death” column. Line 3b. State Death Tax Deduction You may take a deduction on line 3b for estate, inheritance, legacy, or succession taxes paid on any property included in the gross estate as the result of the decedent’s death to any state or the District of Columbia.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"70692dbe1683ba572b3b4013f4bbacddbe6bcd98732d65ad31c743b2476a96eb","quoteLiteralSha256":"3b9803f639da6656d9e6ed299274743c8a17afac56c0d8886db4e485140debe1","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"3dd748639428e9b66943c2838a2a96c42d3b5df705138ccab6b9852ec41c6c26","fingerprintSha256":"6fe80a6b54412f325eb3ece0c04fa7204edc1ab50dac5793fac2d2a02d720140"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"us","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"718bb907eebf3bf35250f587e0cd71b68256c106791eb1851972363f4276db8a","publicItemSha256":"f8cbea24e74f873a370f046c4e212597e35fa1902dead6afb0f94cab00fa6e5f","versions":[{"ref":"ans:a542a55f-c49b-5652-9b15-2a70afcdb5ae:v2","key":"a542a55f-c49b-5652-9b15-2a70afcdb5ae","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"3cdaa983e6c11bddeab7d18ac6acb3f463483ae9ccb46762ba9aa4d125c3bae4","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"8a83e51a639b7659ccc9c99563de77486ea73ef38df0bcbe0a34bded47e1ea37","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"116757de177c5bb09ae4e0cfd037be6ef3b5fbdd59e91ff9dfe55c12a3ceccb4","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

kz · succ.tax.country_context

kz / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.tax.country_context

it / succ.tax.country_context What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision The amendment to Article 7 of Italy’s inheritance-tax law published in 2024 records these rates: 4% on each spouse or direct-line beneficiary’s net share above €1 million; 6% on each sibling’s net share above €100,000; 6% for the other specified relatives and relatives by marriage; and 8% for other beneficiaries. Qualifying disability has a €1.5 million threshold, with statutory reductions and deductions where their conditions are met. Application of this version to a particular date of death requires a separate check. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-18" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-18" I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. C6 tax context it_2025_law — https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO — addressed_visible_projection:100.000 euro: 6 per cento Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. 3. Sull'imposta determinata a norma dei commi 1 e 2 si applicano, quando ne ricorrono i presupposti, le riduzioni e le detrazioni stabilite negli articoli 25 e 26. C6 tax context it_2025_law — https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO — addressed_visible_projection:altri soggetti: 8 per cento Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 h) l'articolo 7 e' sostituito dal seguente: «Art. 7 (Determinazione dell'imposta).- 1. I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. 3. Sull'imposta determinata a norma dei commi 1 e 2 si applicano, quando ne ricorrono i presupposti, le riduzioni e le detrazioni stabilite negli articoli 25 e 26. 4. Fino a quando l'eredita' non e' stata accettata, o non e' stata accettata da tutti i chiamati, l'imposta e' determinata considerando come eredi i chiamati che non vi hanno rinunziato.»; C6 tax context it_2025_law — https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO — Original D.Lgs139/2024 Article1(h), full substituted Article7 paragraphs1–4; no invented commencement Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-18 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.tax.country_context","text":"What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction?","section":"tax"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:a774bf38-b307-5663-a2b8-e0a14c61a5bd:v2","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"The amendment to Article 7 of Italy’s inheritance-tax law published in 2024 records these rates: 4% on each spouse or direct-line beneficiary’s net share above €1 million; 6% on each sibling’s net share above €100,000; 6% for the other specified relatives and relatives by marriage; and 8% for other beneficiaries. Qualifying disability has a €1.5 million threshold, with statutory reductions and deductions where their conditions are met. Application of this version to a particular date of death requires a separate check.","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here.","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-18T05:53:33.454Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18","checked":"2026-10-18","next_check":"2027-10-18","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"C6 tax context it_2025_law","url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:100.000 euro: 6 per cento","quote":"I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"de85b19149f73a952ab71e9591e973a02dd952907b6f3946527ded87fbb4843e","quoteLiteralSha256":"4a9c2122b852479b297b4dbe4b1006c6846e2d1549336a7d0842c5b7db9d1941","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"827ad929da443ddc01e19ce5f0ecbcfeb3169dcceb32dd2ac7a1978c9cf0fb3c","fingerprintSha256":"03d1641e3fd241e275c37976bac64be940a3cba287e0dda58db3124c7d1b92f7"}},{"document":"C6 tax context it_2025_law","url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO","locator":"addressed_visible_projection:altri soggetti: 8 per cento","quote":"I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. 3. Sull'imposta determinata a norma dei commi 1 e 2 si applicano, quando ne ricorrono i presupposti, le riduzioni e le detrazioni stabilite negli articoli 25 e 26.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"de85b19149f73a952ab71e9591e973a02dd952907b6f3946527ded87fbb4843e","quoteLiteralSha256":"0caec95fffe8c7c7298cc9101b722e1eeaf90228ac28765fba736c2b47f92a20","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e13e46201b8606359381518ec610cff0ae61040ae14c37394b5a3508dd0ebd7a","fingerprintSha256":"d2c72ac50fa6da8799b4d59291f269d679ee19e548cf49e5e3d5eea0f650e854"}},{"document":"C6 tax context it_2025_law","url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO","locator":"Original D.Lgs139/2024 Article1(h), full substituted Article7 paragraphs1–4; no invented commencement","quote":"h) l'articolo 7 e' sostituito dal seguente: «Art. 7 (Determinazione dell'imposta).- 1. I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. 3. Sull'imposta determinata a norma dei commi 1 e 2 si applicano, quando ne ricorrono i presupposti, le riduzioni e le detrazioni stabilite negli articoli 25 e 26. 4. Fino a quando l'eredita' non e' stata accettata, o non e' stata accettata da tutti i chiamati, l'imposta e' determinata considerando come eredi i chiamati che non vi hanno rinunziato.»;","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-18","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"de85b19149f73a952ab71e9591e973a02dd952907b6f3946527ded87fbb4843e","quoteLiteralSha256":"ba2f0b8ab85430d2241b8629a69d10e71198527d04377246a3a6fc135273a1e9","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"f55fe64f47af1eee7b70c04b694ef89621618a9d874e2d7d9a8915a6afd572ae","fingerprintSha256":"53f981901770315cf2803cb2b924a1708408370ec1fb08e05bf6472ba767496a"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"it","question":"succ.tax.country_context","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"82db712f4f1cd122709aef8dffa29ff7e02039e2d465713cbb9a9b9317665729","referenceSha256":"48d2b248bc1cd3902a5b0e6756982687c349f0e206ca044331c62dec215da4f9","publicItemSha256":"3caa59517708d0dd2b3efa1529dacc75ab9367cd88ed06b9cd8e2b580eb27abb","versions":[{"ref":"ans:a774bf38-b307-5663-a2b8-e0a14c61a5bd:v2","key":"a774bf38-b307-5663-a2b8-e0a14c61a5bd","version":2,"storedAnswerSha256":"5b456d8d00a7234061edc37cae50443f5614fb076545987f61f188d5fc24bc79","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"06c6c13f504e79bc9c79a18190f099974bf379ccf89bfe7340a330482299d76a","caveat":"72ccc8adcbe2a02e8cadf6ff94d17977acb452a1461389592124c4a94317a4e1"},"en":{"statement":"cf5c4f341b184a4de436c3154e6169be3ad22002a0918ee4c49320ff5d53ffa3","caveat":"d2866c362833a7c97a6b93bdd0968d95bc49980846f27dd18b0486419da578b6"}}}]}}

cn · succ.tax.country_context

cn / succ.tax.country_context: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.proc.authority

ru / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [native_review_binding_missing]

ru · succ.proc.acceptance

ru / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.proc.certificate

ru / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.proc.taxreturn

ru / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ru · succ.foreign.grant

ru / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ru · succ.foreign.hague1985

ru / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ae · succ.proc.authority

ae / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ae · succ.proc.acceptance

ae / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.proc.certificate

ae / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.proc.taxreturn

ae / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

ae · succ.foreign.grant

ae / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ae · succ.foreign.hague1985

ae / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.proc.authority

cy / succ.proc.authority Who establishes the heirs' title: a notary, a court or an administrative authority Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Probate or letters of administration from the District Court (Cap. 189) not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" In all the above cases the competent authority is the District Court of the last domicile of the testator/deceased. Succession — Cyprus — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/cy_en — Section5 authority Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 The appointment of an administrator is mandatory for the purpose of distribution of the estate. The appointment is made by court order upon request. The application for administration is made pursuant to Chapter 189 including, but not limited to, Articles 18, 19, 20, 29, 49 and Chapter 192. Succession — Cyprus — https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/cy_en — Section9.1 administrator Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.proc.authority","text":"Who establishes the heirs' title: a notary, a court or an administrative authority","section":"proc"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:bde6c4a7-3bcc-5719-be8e-dfe774226142:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Probate or letters of administration from the District Court (Cap. 189)","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Succession — Cyprus","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/cy_en","locator":"Section5 authority","quote":"In all the above cases the competent authority is the District Court of the last domicile of the testator/deceased.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"e725d3353f933918c2ab43d4d6ff73052e824ac65cfb09f68bbb8a91471cb1f9","quoteLiteralSha256":"3786e5ef27fb36a52ed9686f4d8cccbf8a474b9e8ec3df68c1011b43f596ad29","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"b258bf3cfb8ecb8101f06f3d614083706b7ba5d9f8c6fda06409812a6ffd54ec","fingerprintSha256":"e44bbf1a8a50e2ed59792c4f6953d09cbb842b8f101e4061cb6241c293be2dda"}},{"document":"Succession — Cyprus","url":"https://e-justice.europa.eu/topics/family-matters-inheritance/inheritance/succession/cy_en","locator":"Section9.1 administrator","quote":"The appointment of an administrator is mandatory for the purpose of distribution of the estate. The appointment is made by court order upon request. The application for administration is made pursuant to Chapter 189 including, but not limited to, Articles 18, 19, 20, 29, 49 and Chapter 192.","language":null,"source_class":"regulator","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"e725d3353f933918c2ab43d4d6ff73052e824ac65cfb09f68bbb8a91471cb1f9","quoteLiteralSha256":"14cb8e45b0711dd8d0c8284f498baa78dbcabbd1c612ca7905d781d787258c7c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"713761bb26b90b9d75d25408ef9dc96030f63ef37d72147ce5e46768aea8770c","fingerprintSha256":"eb2a85f6951bcd7cb585f3370939d0ec16831d7048a5d5ca789838988bac3f0f"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cy","question":"succ.proc.authority","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"7a975534368f7c400c4b9a45c591ab6985ded1ff594e8edc4af665d1c545e702","publicItemSha256":"148fefa54ddd4c076170099fa8ec2217994529e57b49d3ea9be837ac873fa1a6","versions":[{"ref":"ans:bde6c4a7-3bcc-5719-be8e-dfe774226142:v3","key":"bde6c4a7-3bcc-5719-be8e-dfe774226142","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"9991ba8b0f3667319d419158c1c18eb5e28735f5c6d443fc11ad560f2ba14a8d","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"448f792a2a71a33675086454774ca66d2d74a99545a88944582a10f1f4692707","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"52a0877d785170565debfb059f61c1f696613bb938929f448a2943d37c237b57","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

cy · succ.proc.acceptance

cy / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.proc.certificate

cy / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.proc.taxreturn

cy / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cy · succ.foreign.grant

cy / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cy · succ.foreign.hague1985

cy / succ.foreign.hague1985 Is the country a party to the 1985 Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Cyprus since 1.6.2017 Valid: 2017-06-01 – — primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Cyprus 11-III-1998 15-III-2017 R 1-VI-2017 D 20 HCCH | Print — https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/print/?cid=59 — 1985 Convention — Cyprus ratification and entry into force Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.foreign.hague1985","text":"Is the country a party to the 1985 Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:b3c8eb1c-0651-552d-ab22-5f02b1b09a3c:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Cyprus since 1.6.2017","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":"2017-06-01","to":null},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"HCCH | Print","url":"https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/print/?cid=59","locator":"1985 Convention — Cyprus ratification and entry into force","quote":"Cyprus\n11-III-1998\n15-III-2017\nR\n1-VI-2017\nD\n20","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8a46ad0f2ddd889625ff91d67023871e4c553682ec72792da6edacbf34f9e920","quoteLiteralSha256":"660ae89d1b54b0836515dfeaec9c1975b1d6720ea233eb9218fa00775306f003","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"1437c8721847350f26d56bf6fc82dbc06e154a45c2a72e18e1ece8150c955ed9","fingerprintSha256":"5d62463689b9a138a6a935098bd4d3655813a538c7f5e31df40833748f4bb0d9"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"cy","question":"succ.foreign.hague1985","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"2b36aaa2ce6f403ffd85739d64d3d422451c3d9c5b051e6724734296a51770b0","publicItemSha256":"b6db6de10966a180c437cef96c3045c85821f4cbf0015a0341a77fcaf6e8ae53","versions":[{"ref":"ans:b3c8eb1c-0651-552d-ab22-5f02b1b09a3c:v3","key":"b3c8eb1c-0651-552d-ab22-5f02b1b09a3c","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"a14c6f411a86489a34e0c50542b6aae84ee601560eaa8005d4bffe6699f1dbbe","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"4ec47a148a5ab8eac9c28f56ea3996a40a6a507ed357b4c8162782cc001a6a8a","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"5518670c6f2502df2473a1908cdba122b35f69bd37b26877fd8c48a6a33552cf","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

gb · succ.proc.authority

gb / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

gb · succ.proc.acceptance

gb / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.proc.certificate

gb / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.proc.taxreturn

gb / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

gb · succ.foreign.grant

gb / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

gb · succ.foreign.hague1985

gb / succ.foreign.hague1985 Is the country a party to the 1985 Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision the UK and Italy are parties since 1.1.1992 Valid: 1992-01-01 – — primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 10-I-1986 17-XI-1989 R 1-I-1992 HCCH | Print — https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/print/?cid=59 — UK; EIF Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.foreign.hague1985","text":"Is the country a party to the 1985 Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:c4879615-c02d-5ad4-b321-afe3017a836f:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"the UK and Italy are parties since 1.1.1992","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":"1992-01-01","to":null},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"HCCH | Print","url":"https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/print/?cid=59","locator":"UK; EIF","quote":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\n10-I-1986\n17-XI-1989\nR\n1-I-1992","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8a46ad0f2ddd889625ff91d67023871e4c553682ec72792da6edacbf34f9e920","quoteLiteralSha256":"7c5428e8c1ab964c654b0021a836701704673970b30302da7c9b2ddd33e26231","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"e55a7e7390116c738fd06515be8545b04150c2c7fd9b9c590b37d53a796bfde4","fingerprintSha256":"3478b0c0ca48d6bfbcfb01e5703a9a7818a0187ca2094998b49f089f933f3f88"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"gb","question":"succ.foreign.hague1985","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"b90e12c5dda8a53b0a1ac6bb23ffade34e27f1fb48715e7594fdb484ed106240","publicItemSha256":"9754c9f05e2223a9a537ae8e112321ec590020de4ca00991ea7a1958e6a16e59","versions":[{"ref":"ans:c4879615-c02d-5ad4-b321-afe3017a836f:v3","key":"c4879615-c02d-5ad4-b321-afe3017a836f","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"8e02f4601aa955beb40c25b8976bc26b967109ee0d7d9ff8fabcf0177440583d","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"cc9e152adf1f3cd15e2303957bc419be280b2ce1605b7c2750ce13adce10ae71","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"fa1bd3e004c620a01204799f1ce570ae11b4f7203503986ae0327cace069445a","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

ch · succ.proc.authority

ch / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.proc.acceptance

ch / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.proc.certificate

ch / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.proc.taxreturn

ch / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.foreign.grant

ch / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

ch · succ.foreign.hague1985

ch / succ.foreign.hague1985 Is the country a party to the 1985 Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Switzerland since 1.7.2007 Valid: 2007-07-01 – — primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Switzerland 3-IV-2007 26-IV-2007 R 1-VII-2007 HCCH | Print — https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/print/?cid=59 — 1985 Convention status table: Switzerland Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.foreign.hague1985","text":"Is the country a party to the 1985 Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition","section":"foreign"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:4034f87c-ca7d-5394-ab92-474cd5a9040f:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Switzerland since 1.7.2007","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":"2007-07-01","to":null},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"HCCH | Print","url":"https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/print/?cid=59","locator":"1985 Convention status table: Switzerland","quote":"Switzerland\n3-IV-2007\n26-IV-2007\nR\n1-VII-2007","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"8a46ad0f2ddd889625ff91d67023871e4c553682ec72792da6edacbf34f9e920","quoteLiteralSha256":"cc1c79414b977cd08726c012389d327a89c1a358207a3a4ebd8d01ecb3abf0a8","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"72c9a56083f9ea07d913a494a9f86477c0a5117165a4976fb68f158ec3156d72","fingerprintSha256":"877b10bf71b0e5149b0674ca89d50d863fb4d98fea2f7b95fc6815f5256f39e0"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"ch","question":"succ.foreign.hague1985","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"7ad01f20b05786e0db6e489042505fbad15cbbb27a6f96a22a3200910faeef03","referenceSha256":"1e411fbc7b6a4168c1cc44fb8677be616041d88b3ef71cc524b7fd4f21c82329","publicItemSha256":"fba382621780a7a4483d41525866efaae90373c392b3055a292bc743a57aed0e","versions":[{"ref":"ans:4034f87c-ca7d-5394-ab92-474cd5a9040f:v3","key":"4034f87c-ca7d-5394-ab92-474cd5a9040f","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"e8a2d174885e629f58c544fbb20bbc985b7e62317dbbae0b19af22d80247612c","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"391db36722d3e2cb38d4be50cc7eb060f21d65728eab3fd8f1937ac414593671","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"012172ae3162064751d4f7a45e5ad74838115e77eed897d2a0645e0b7f6b1e16","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

es · succ.proc.authority

es / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

es · succ.proc.acceptance

es / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.proc.certificate

es / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.proc.taxreturn

es / succ.proc.taxreturn Within what period after death must the inheritance tax return or notification be filed Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Inheritance and gift tax (ISD) declarations for acquisitions on death, including life-insurance beneficiaries, are due within six months of the death (ISD Regulation, art. 67(1)(a)). Unit: period The deadline can be extended: the request is filed within the first five months of the period (ISD Regulation, art. 68). not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-04-05T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-04-05" Cuando se trate de adquisiciones por causa de muerte, incluidas las de los beneficiarios de contratos de seguro de vida, en el de seis meses, contados desde el día del fallecimiento del causante o desde aquel en que adquiera firmeza la declaración de fallecimiento. El mismo plazo será aplicable a las adquisiciones del usufructo pendientes del fallecimiento del usufructuario, aunque la desmembración del dominio se hubiese realizado por acto «inter vivos». boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678 — https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678 — art. 67(1)(a) Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 La solicitud de prórroga se presentará por los herederos, albaceas o administradores del caudal relicto dentro de los cinco primeros meses del plazo de presentación, acompañada de certificación del acta de defunción del causante, y haciendo constar en ella el nombre y domicilio de los herederos declarados o presuntos y su grado de parentesco con el causante cuando fueren conocidos, la situación y el valor aproximado de los bienes y derechos y los motivos en que se fundamenta la solicitud. 3. Transcurrido un mes desde la presentación de la solicitud sin que se hubiese notificado acuerdo, se entenderá concedida la prórroga. 4. No se concederá prórroga cuando la solicitud se presente después de transcurridos los cinco primeros meses del plazo de presentación. boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678 — https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678 — art. 68(2), (4) Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.proc.taxreturn","text":"Within what period after death must the inheritance tax return or notification be filed","section":"proc","unit":"period"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:b156f3af-26a7-544f-a989-9b6dfa919d31:v4","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Inheritance and gift tax (ISD) declarations for acquisitions on death, including life-insurance beneficiaries, are due within six months of the death (ISD Regulation, art. 67(1)(a)).","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":"The deadline can be extended: the request is filed within the first five months of the period (ISD Regulation, art. 68).","caveat_language":"en","has_caveat":true,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-04-05T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-04-05","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678","locator":"art. 67(1)(a)","quote":"Cuando se trate de adquisiciones por causa de muerte, incluidas las de los beneficiarios de contratos de seguro de vida, en el de seis meses, contados desde el día del fallecimiento del causante o desde aquel en que adquiera firmeza la declaración de fallecimiento. El mismo plazo será aplicable a las adquisiciones del usufructo pendientes del fallecimiento del usufructuario, aunque la desmembración del dominio se hubiese realizado por acto «inter vivos».","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"e220daf74cffcaf72a9b46759c32ec4e4dfde0448e10319df9d641db8fd35178","quoteLiteralSha256":"73cd914c3384da0bf2d7eb12ad7cb56b2af228b99af2447bfb74d7c2a3d98e2b","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"b763cdeaad1680d265077cb69d99f922fc264ad91e5bf48c8578fd5d4cc93c04","fingerprintSha256":"c88cb9b4ad1103468a40e3b9cf9755ab99d1469235f88510a3654f1aaf1f32be"}},{"document":"boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-27678","locator":"art. 68(2), (4)","quote":"La solicitud de prórroga se presentará por los herederos, albaceas o administradores del caudal relicto dentro de los cinco primeros meses del plazo de presentación, acompañada de certificación del acta de defunción del causante, y haciendo constar en ella el nombre y domicilio de los herederos declarados o presuntos y su grado de parentesco con el causante cuando fueren conocidos, la situación y el valor aproximado de los bienes y derechos y los motivos en que se fundamenta la solicitud.\n3. Transcurrido un mes desde la presentación de la solicitud sin que se hubiese notificado acuerdo, se entenderá concedida la prórroga.\n4. No se concederá prórroga cuando la solicitud se presente después de transcurridos los cinco primeros meses del plazo de presentación.","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"e220daf74cffcaf72a9b46759c32ec4e4dfde0448e10319df9d641db8fd35178","quoteLiteralSha256":"a9f6c4e3dc489e98d65dfd627351f5425f2681e5276483aea46209e6fde22341","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"de5d361c84aadd948a248f54d88e138b7e4f0f1ebe7c7c49c2f7ee2827ebd423","fingerprintSha256":"68a31c51755d9e93c5277726bc8206c3a21f573e0d83a9a2c2068578aa863041"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"es","question":"succ.proc.taxreturn","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"aed28fd37838970321d26c1b2fffa932572657d0ec038d61edb523dc3ac3766d","publicItemSha256":"1b51ee200b3409a7dfc9ff33d8ca93b697451732b8a6be6a65e17aa8c8347c89","versions":[{"ref":"ans:b156f3af-26a7-544f-a989-9b6dfa919d31:v4","key":"b156f3af-26a7-544f-a989-9b6dfa919d31","version":4,"storedAnswerSha256":"431a86365b81a34c1a29c1451566b0dffa8aee8d4b5453e9ecdb9af95acfd865","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"3920135d95513a13a1f5a5ed464e3ec249cb53614d280eefcdb8a42d867ea6e0","caveat":"5e5a746bd7a3800719c005b71767ba43dcd4f37e69f29030aacfe3676d606438"},"en":{"statement":"0794939a711928309350476196d2c4e8afff1ea12c8f10c815c9fb73d73a1295","caveat":"941f80e768878fd98a78d2c9417f1f3ad83061b6ad8222c8bb17711ee93f7d4a"}}}]}}

es · succ.foreign.grant

es / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

es · succ.foreign.hague1985

es / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.proc.authority

pt / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

pt · succ.proc.acceptance

pt / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.proc.certificate

pt / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.proc.taxreturn

pt / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

pt · succ.foreign.grant

pt / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

pt · succ.foreign.hague1985

pt / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.proc.authority

de / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.proc.acceptance

de / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.proc.certificate

de / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.proc.taxreturn

de / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

de · succ.foreign.grant

de / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

de · succ.foreign.hague1985

de / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

fr · succ.proc.authority

fr / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

fr · succ.proc.acceptance

fr / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.proc.certificate

fr / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.proc.taxreturn

fr / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

fr · succ.foreign.grant

fr / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

fr · succ.foreign.hague1985

fr / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

il · succ.proc.authority

il / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.proc.acceptance

il / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.proc.certificate

il / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.proc.taxreturn

il / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.foreign.grant

il / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

il · succ.foreign.hague1985

il / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.proc.authority

us / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.proc.acceptance

us / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.proc.certificate

us / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.proc.taxreturn

us / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.foreign.grant

us / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

us · succ.foreign.hague1985

us / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.proc.authority

kz / succ.proc.authority Who establishes the heirs' title: a notary, a court or an administrative authority Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Recorded provision Notary at the place of opening not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07 Recorded conditions and limits machine_applicability: "unknown" Recorded conditions and limits source_check: {"outcome":"confirmed"} Recorded conditions and limits source_freshness: {"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"} Recorded conditions and limits checked: "2026-10-07" Recorded conditions and limits next_check: "2027-10-07" Статья 1073. Выдача свидетельства о праве на наследство 1. Нотариус по месту открытия наследства по просьбе наследника обязан выдать ему свидетельство о праве на наследство. 2. Свидетельство о праве на наследство выдается по истечении шести месяцев со дня открытия наследства. При наследовании как по завещанию, так и по закону, свидетельство может быть выдано до истечения указанного срока, если у нотариуса имеются достоверные данные о том, что кроме лиц, обратившихся за выдачей свидетельства, других наследников в отношении соответствующего имущества либо всего наследства не имеется. 3. Выдача свидетельства о праве на наследство приостанавливается при наличии зачатого, но еще не родившегося наследника до его рождения. Сноска. Статья 1073 с изменением, внесенным Законом РК от 21.01.2019 № 217-VI (вводится в действие по истечении десяти календарных дней после дня его первого официального опубликования). Гражданский кодекс Республики Казахстан (Особенная часть) — https://old.adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K990000409_ — ст.1073 Source date: — Checked: 2026-10-07 This is recorded context, not a determination of governing law or a personal outcome. Complete record and current owner binding: {"item":{"question":{"code":"succ.proc.authority","text":"Who establishes the heirs' title: a notary, a court or an administrative authority","section":"proc"},"availability":"available","mark":null,"answers":[],"recorded_answers":[{"machine_applicability":"unknown","ref":"ans:c01bb1ec-9ebe-522f-bf3a-d4d4f129d116:v3","record_role":"recorded_rule","value":null,"value_raw":null,"value_state":"text","statement":"Notary at the place of opening","statement_language":"en","conditions":[],"caveat":null,"caveat_language":null,"has_caveat":false,"valid":{"from":null,"to":null,"note":"not in the sources"},"status":"sourced","source_freshness":{"state":"current","currentEvidence":true,"holdCurrentEvidence":false,"currentLaw":"unknown","checkedAt":"2026-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","nextCheckAt":"2027-10-07T20:20:58.100Z","reason":"within_recorded_review_window"},"source_check":{"outcome":"confirmed"},"status_text":"primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-07","checked":"2026-10-07","next_check":"2027-10-07","recorded_check":null,"sources":[{"document":"Гражданский кодекс Республики Казахстан (Особенная часть)","url":"https://old.adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K990000409_","locator":"ст.1073","quote":"Статья 1073. Выдача свидетельства о праве на наследство\n1. Нотариус по месту открытия наследства по просьбе наследника обязан выдать ему свидетельство о праве на наследство.\n2. Свидетельство о праве на наследство выдается по истечении шести месяцев со дня открытия наследства.\nПри наследовании как по завещанию, так и по закону, свидетельство может быть выдано до истечения указанного срока, если у нотариуса имеются достоверные данные о том, что кроме лиц, обратившихся за выдачей свидетельства, других наследников в отношении соответствующего имущества либо всего наследства не имеется.\n3. Выдача свидетельства о праве на наследство приостанавливается при наличии зачатого, но еще не родившегося наследника до его рождения.\nСноска. Статья 1073 с изменением, внесенным Законом РК от 21.01.2019\n№ 217-VI\n(вводится в действие по истечении десяти календарных дней после дня его первого официального опубликования).","language":null,"source_class":"official_law","source_date":null,"source_kind":null,"checked":"2026-10-07","verification":"quote_in_current_snapshot","verification_fingerprint":{"version":1,"snapshotRepresentation":"wiki_document_snapshot_text_utf8","snapshotSha256":"d17df700f8cbb71b6b3b71588a7d712c686dc33479d59fc1e8b273fb42f6dc30","quoteLiteralSha256":"9db3971788011b3ff09db6f598fbcb36b89bfc1dc97eb31eeef981a09905d83c","membershipRecipe":"wiki_normalize_quote_v1","checkIdentitySha256":"87ac5c8b896e94c7fe2b19f9b420db1ea99bf46a90c93fe7b538f7d8ed90867c","fingerprintSha256":"6bbeb67a2b910e35940dead473b29a288a55cccc4388a0996b8f8e114ebb022f"}}],"articles":[]}],"exceptions":[],"depends_on":[],"clarify":[],"note":"Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established."},"owner":{"target":{"object":"kz","question":"succ.proc.authority","questionnaire":"succession"},"admissionRevision":"7990362062d5683a45de4adbce5c4baf448dcc8f1f33539ae2687b3f6d5e0fdd","projectionRevision":"e12dec45b770d03dea0a59fca0b7c420f4a75514119e0df2aa0ff640d60f81ee","referenceSha256":"dcdef37c046632635efd02772d90a7455ffbf4c7e2f130a62ef3b505e5b3e17a","publicItemSha256":"ba93fc402ad67905120262f555927043b87f0721ee562274764b3788181b7d27","versions":[{"ref":"ans:c01bb1ec-9ebe-522f-bf3a-d4d4f129d116:v3","key":"c01bb1ec-9ebe-522f-bf3a-d4d4f129d116","version":3,"storedAnswerSha256":"a67a897c97bec1a4e34511665f126d705b305f6dc9efeacd36c8b70a53f2c615","presentation":{"ru":{"statement":"4fc60b58e48551c1f907ff95b07044cc4184c42e8c1c651ce780a02686d34b64","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"},"en":{"statement":"ad8a9c6917af85b6eacc15135e7599f08570fa4d7fe2c78c28ce2d83cc90a8aa","caveat":"74234e98afe7498fb5daf1f36ac2d78acc339464f950703b8c019892f982b90b"}}}]}}

kz · succ.proc.acceptance

kz / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.proc.certificate

kz / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.proc.taxreturn

kz / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

kz · succ.foreign.grant

kz / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

kz · succ.foreign.hague1985

kz / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.proc.authority

it / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

it · succ.proc.acceptance

it / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.proc.certificate

it / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.proc.taxreturn

it / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

it · succ.foreign.grant

it / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

it · succ.foreign.hague1985

it / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [native_review_binding_missing]

cn · succ.proc.authority

cn / succ.proc.authority: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [exact_version_review_missing]

cn · succ.proc.acceptance

cn / succ.proc.acceptance: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.proc.certificate

cn / succ.proc.certificate: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.proc.taxreturn

cn / succ.proc.taxreturn: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [no_mapping]

cn · succ.foreign.grant

cn / succ.foreign.grant: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

cn · succ.foreign.hague1985

cn / succ.foreign.hague1985: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-russia-personal-fund · struct.law.personality

form-russia-personal-fund / struct.law.personality: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-russia-personal-fund · struct.gov.reserved_powers

form-russia-personal-fund / struct.gov.reserved_powers: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-russia-personal-fund · struct.gov.licensed_officer

form-russia-personal-fund / struct.gov.licensed_officer: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-russia-personal-fund · struct.protect.firewall_heirship

form-russia-personal-fund / struct.protect.firewall_heirship: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-russia-personal-fund · struct.protect.firewall_judgment

form-russia-personal-fund / struct.protect.firewall_judgment: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-foundation · struct.law.personality

form-foundation / struct.law.personality: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-foundation · struct.gov.reserved_powers

form-foundation / struct.gov.reserved_powers: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-foundation · struct.gov.licensed_officer

form-foundation / struct.gov.licensed_officer: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-foundation · struct.protect.firewall_heirship

form-foundation / struct.protect.firewall_heirship: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-foundation · struct.protect.firewall_judgment

form-foundation / struct.protect.firewall_judgment: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-trust · struct.law.personality

form-trust / struct.law.personality: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-trust · struct.gov.reserved_powers

form-trust / struct.gov.reserved_powers: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-trust · struct.gov.licensed_officer

form-trust / struct.gov.licensed_officer: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-trust · struct.protect.firewall_heirship

form-trust / struct.protect.firewall_heirship: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

form-trust · struct.protect.firewall_judgment

form-trust / struct.protect.firewall_judgment: no exact reviewed whole context is mapped to this fragment. A separate record, conditions and primary source are required; the particular-case conclusion is not established. [current_native_not_admitted]

Country legal context

Recorded rules and conditions; personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

RU

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Inheritance received from an individual is generally exempt from Russian personal income tax under Tax Code Article 217. The FNS separately identifies remuneration paid to heirs of authors of scientific, literary and artistic works and inventions as taxable income. From 2026, foreign-agent recipients lose the inheritance-income exemption. Notarial costs and other-structure consequences require separate review. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context ru_foreign_agent_2026 — https://www.nalog.gov.ru/new2026/ Все ФЛ ИП ЮЛ Фильтр по категории налогоплательщиков НДФЛ ФЛ ИП ЮЛ По доходам иностранных агентов, полученным с 2026 года, НК РФ устанавливается новая система обложения НДФЛ: к их доходам (в том числе от продажи имущества) будет применяться ставка 30 %; доходы от продажи ценных бумаг, имущества (при владении более пяти лет), при получении наследства и в порядке дарения с 2026 года лишаются освобождения от обложения НДФЛ; таким лицам не будут предоставляться налоговые вычеты по НДФЛ. Также доходы иностранных агентов (если в течение хотя бы одного дня налогового периода, в котором получен соответствующий доход, есть указанный статус), полученные в виде подарка от физического лица, с 2026 года облагаются НДФЛ вне зависимости от степени родства с дарителем по ставке 30%. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:при получении наследства Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context ru_general — https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn46/taxation/taxes/ndfl/ В соответствии со ст.217 НК РФ не все доходы физических лиц облагаются НДФЛ Доходы, облагаемые НДФЛ Доходы, не облагаемые НДФЛ от продажи имущества, находившегося в собственности менее трех (пяти) лет; от сдачи имущества в аренду; доходы от источников за пределами Российской Федерации; доходы в виде разного рода выигрышей; иные доходы. доходы от продажи имущества, находившегося в собственности более трех (пяти) лет; доходы, полученные в порядке наследования; доходы, полученные по договору дарения от члена семьи и (или) близкого родственника в соответствии с Семейным кодексом Российской Федерации (от супруга, родителей и детей, в том числе усыновителей и усыновленных, дедушки, бабушки и внуков, полнородных и неполнородных (имеющих общих отца или мать) братьев и сестер); иные доходы. Отчетный период Год Налоговый период Год Порядок уплаты НДФЛ в виде фиксированного авансового платежа распространен на иностранных граждан, прибывших в Российскую Федерацию в безвизовом режиме и работающих на основании патента не только у физических лиц (как было до 2015 года), но и в организациях,у индивидуальных предпринимателей или занимающихся частной практикой лиц (например, адвокатов, учредивших адвокатский кабинет). Locator: addressed_visible_projection:доходы, полученные в порядке наследования Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context ru_general — https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn46/taxation/taxes/ndfl/ физические лица, получающие доходы в виде вознаграждения, выплачиваемого им как наследникам авторов произведений науки, литературы, искусства, а также авторов изобретений; Locator: FNS general NDFL: authors’ heirs remuneration, complete list item Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

AE

Reviewed context is currently unavailable; applicability to the particular case requires separate assessment.

HK

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Hong Kong estate duty was abolished for deaths on or after 11 February 2006; earlier deaths remain subject to historical rules and procedures. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context hk_estate — https://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/tax/edu.htm elation to Personal Data Facsimile Transmission of Information, Form and Documents Tax Information - Individuals / Businesses Individuals Businesses Property Owners Employers 2026 Policy Address – Tax-related Policy Measures (on Individuals) 2026-27 Budget – Tax Measures Tax waiver for persons affected by the fire incident at Wang Fuk Court in Tai Po Salaries Tax Issues arising from Abolition of the Offsetting Arrangement under Recognized Retirement Schemes Tax Representatives' Corner Double Taxation Relief and Exchange of Information Arrangements Tax Information - Others Business Registration Stamp Duty Estate Duty Betting Duty Hotel Accommodation Tax CEPA - Requisition for copies of tax documents Charitable Donations and Tax-Exempt Charities Payment & Refund Tax Reserve Certificates Judgment Interest Rate Status of Tax Cases General Inspection Public Forms and Pamphlets Public Forms Pamphlets Electronic Services Obtaining Duplicate Tax Return for Individuals Obtaining Duplicate Employer’s Return Obtaining Duplicate Property Tax Return eTAX - Individual Tax Portal (ITP) eTAX - Business Tax Portal (BTP) and Tax Representative Portal (TRP) New Tax Portals New Tax Portals Learning Resources Centre e-Stamping Service Electronic Submission of Information Submission of Employer's Return in Computerized Format e-Application for Preparation of IR56 Form(s) by Using Employer’s Self-developed Software Block Extension Scheme For Tax Representative Information Security IRD Quiz Game Tender Notices FAQ Contact Us Enquiries Complaints Suggestion Box Our Location and Business Hours E-mail Addresses Post Office Boxes of IRD Affix Sufficient Postage to Mail Items Special Arrangement in times of Tropical Cyclones and Rainstorms Assistance to persons with disabilities in accessing IRD offices premises Related Links Desktop Version 繁简 Other Languages हिन्दी (Hindi) नेपाली (Nepali) اردو (Urdu) Bahasa Indonesia Tagalog ภาษาไทย (Thai) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) Site Map Contact Us Share RSS IRD Search RSS Share Printer View eTAX Login/Register Home > Tax Information - Others > Estate Duty Estate Duty Revenue (Abolition of Estate Duty) Ordinance 2005 General Exemption Matrimonial Home Exemption Procedures to Obtain Estate Duty Clearance Certificate of Payment or Exemption Provisional Estate Duty Clearance Papers Issue of Assessment Appeal against Assessments Delay in Lodging Affidavit Small Estates Table of Rates Interest Marginal Relief Quick Succession Relief Penalty on Intermeddling Forms Enquiries Revenue (Abolition of Estate Duty) Ordinance 2005 The Revenue (Abolition of Estate Duty) Ordinance 2005 ["the Ordinance"] comes into effect on 11 February 2006. No estate duty affidavits and accounts need to be filed and no estate duty clearance papers are needed for the application for a grant of representation in respect of deaths occurring on or after that date. The estate duty chargeable in respect of estates of persons dying on or after 15 July 2005 and before 11 February 2006 ("transitional estates") with the principal value exceeding $7.5 million will be reduced to a nominal amount of $100. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:comes into effect on 11 February 2006 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

C6 tax context hk_estate

SG

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. Singapore estate duty was removed for deaths on or after 15 February 2008; earlier deaths remain within the former regime. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context sg_estate — https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/other-taxes/estate-duty/estate-duty ction 15 Relief Object to Assessment Stamp Lease/ Tenancy Documents Stamp Mortgage Documents Stamp Sale and Purchase Documents (For Buyers) Stamp Sale and Purchase Documents (For Sellers) Stamp Share Transfer Documents Stamp Trust Documents View more Withholding Tax Digital Services for Withholding Tax Digital Services for Withholding Tax File S45 Form Retrieve S45 Form (Draft) Approve S45 Form Submit S45 Form View/Amend S45 Form View S45 GIRO Plan View S45 COR Status View S45 Notices/Letters Update Notice Preferences (Businesses) Update Notice Preferences (Individuals) View more Automatic Exchange of Information (CRS and FATCA) Digital Services for Automatic Exchange of Information (CRS and FATCA) Digital Services for Automatic Exchange of Information (CRS and FATCA) Apply for CRS Registration Check CRS Registration Status View/ Update FI AEOI Profile View/ Update My Profile View AEOI Contact Details View/ Edit Trustee-Documented Trusts View AEOI e-Service Transaction History Submit CRS or FATCA Return View Submitted Financial Account Report View AEOI Notices/ Letters Email Us on AEOI matters Apply to deregister for AEOI View more Others Digital Services for Others Digital Services for Others IRAS Bot Corppass Institutions of a Public Character and Qualifying Grantmakers Government Payout Schemes Singpass Foreign user Account (SFA) for Foreign Individuals myTax Portal Technical FAQ Download Donation Application & Submit Records CVS (Previously known as BIPS) Service Giving Declaration Form Submission Key enhancements to myTax Portal View more Digital Collaboration Close menu Digital Collaboration Digital Collaboration For Businesses/ Employers For Tax Agents For Tax Agents For Tax Agents #SeamlessFilingFromSoftware (#SFFS) for Tax Agents External Value Network (EVN) For Software Developers For Software Developers For Software Developers Become an #SFFS solution partner Accounting/ Tax Software Go to next level Accounting/ Tax Software Accounting/ Tax Software #SFFS solution partners framework IRAS Digital Integration Incentive (DII) Payroll Software Go to next level Payroll Software Payroll Software How to support AIS submission as a vendor #SeamlessFilingFromSoftware (#SFFS) for Tax Clearance (IR21) LOGIN Home Taxes Other Taxes Estate Duty Estate Duty Estate Duty Estate Duty Estate Duty Glossary FAQs Estate Duty Forms Getting Estate Duty Clearance How to Calculate Estate Duty Late Payment or Non-Payment of Estate Duty Trust (including income from Estates) How to Pay Estate Duty Share: Estate Duty has been removed for deaths on and after 15 February 2008. On this page: What is Estate Duty Common Assets Subject to Estate Duty Related Content What is Estate Duty Estate Duty has been removed for deaths on and after 15 Feb 2008. Estate duty is a tax on the total market value of a person's assets (cash and non-cash) at the date of his or her death. It does not matter if the person has a will or not, the assets are still subject to estate duty. The deceased person's assets, as a whole, are called an estate. For the majority of estates, there is no estate duty payable as various exemptions are provided. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:removed for deaths on and after 15 Feb 2008 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

C6 tax context sg_estate

CA

Reviewed context is currently unavailable; applicability to the particular case requires separate assessment.

CH

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. The ESTV 2025 overview describes no federal inheritance tax in Switzerland; cantonal and some municipal rules differ. It identifies an exemption for a surviving spouse or registered partner and exemptions for direct descendants in most cantons, while also recording cantonal and municipal exceptions and a special Geneva rule concerning expenditure-based taxation of the deceased. The canton, relationship, assets and applicable conditions need to be checked for the particular case. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf 9.1.6 Inheritance and gift taxes Subject to inheritance tax is the transfer of assets to the statutory and designated heirs and to legatees. Inter vivos gifts are subject to gift tax, with the definition of “gift” under civil law generally being applied. Inheritance and gift taxes are levied only by the cantons and not by the Confederation. In a few cantons, the communes are also authorised to levy inheritance and gift taxes, but most of them do not levy the taxes themselves and instead merely take a share of the cantonal tax revenue. In the canton of Zug, the tax is levied by the canton but the reve- nue goes to the communes. The communes have their own fiscal sovereignty in the canton of Graubünden. 56 Although almost all cantons levy both inheritance and gift taxes, the canton of Lucerne does not tax gifts. However, gifts made dur- ing the five years preceding the death of a decedent are included in the calculation of inheritance tax. The cantons of Schwyz and Obwalden levy neither inheritance nor gift taxes. In general, the canton of the decedent’s last place of residence is entitled to levy inheritance tax on movable assets. Inherited real estate is to be taxed in the canton where it is located. The tax on gifts of movable assets is levied by the canton where the donor is resident at the time of the gift being given. The gift tax on immovable property is levied again by the canton where the property is located. Inheritance tax is almost entirely structured as a hereditary succes- sion tax. As such, it is levied individually on the inheritance share of each heir or legatee. The canton of Solothurn levies an estate tax on the entire undi- vided estate left behind by the deceased in addition to hereditary succession tax. In general, the recipients of an inheritance or gift are liable to tax in all cantons. These are heirs and legatees in the case of inheritance tax, and donees in the case of gift tax. Inheritance and gift taxes are one-off taxes. In the case of inher- itance, it is generally calculated on the basis of the value of the assets at the time of the decedent’s death. The value of the gift at the time of asset transfer is decisive for gift tax. In principle, the market value is decisive for calculating both taxes. Deviations from this principle apply in certain cantons in particular for securities, real estate and insurance benefits. Tax exemptions, personal deductions and tax-free amounts are reg- ulated differently in the individual cantons. However, the surviving spouse or registered partner is exempt from tax in all cantons. Direct descendants are exempt from tax in most cantons, with the exception of Appenzell Innerrhoden (deduction of CHF 300,000), Vaud (tax-free amount of CHF 1 million, followed by a degressive deduction up to CHF 2 million) and Neuchâtel (deduction of CHF 50,000 for the inheritance tax). Only the communes can levy tax on the inheritance of direct descendants in the canton of Lu- cerne (tax-free limit of CHF 100,000). 57 Direct ascendants (depending on the canton only the parents, stepparents or adoptive parents) are exempt from tax in the can- tons of Uri, Nidwalden, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, Basel Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Graubünden, Aargau, Ticino, Valais and Geneva. They are taxed in all other cantons, although most of them make provision for personal deductions (tax-free amounts). In the canton of Geneva, exemption from inheritance and gift tax is not permitted if the decedent (or the donor) was subject to expenditure-based taxation according to one of the last three definitive assessment decisions before the time of death (or at the time of the gift). The tax scales for inheritance and gift taxes are structured very differently in the various cantons. However, they are identical for both taxes in most cantons and are progressive in almost all cases. The tax burden generally depends on the degree of kinship and/or the amount of the assets. The cantons of Uri, Nidwalden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen apply linear tax rates depending on the degree of kinship. The assessment of inheritance tax is mostly based on an inventory of the estate that has to be prepared upon the death of the decedent. Gift tax is assessed on the basis of a tax return, which has to be submitted by the donee in most cantons. Locator: ESTV 2025 section9.1.6 in full; includes location, exemptions, Geneva exception and rate determinants Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf Inherited real estate is to be taxed in the canton where it is located. Locator: Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf The tax scales for inheritance and gift taxes are structured very differently in the various cantons. Locator: Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf However, the surviving spouse or registered partner is exempt from tax in all cantons. Locator: Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf — https://www.estv.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/i8eiHb5Gk0xl/ch-steuersystem.pdf Direct descendants are exempt from tax in most cantons, with the exception of Appenzell Innerrhoden (deduction of CHF 300,000), Vaud (tax-free amount of CHF 1 million, followed by a degressive deduction up to CHF 2 million) and Neuchâtel (deduction of CHF 50,000 for the inheritance tax). Locator: Swiss Tax System 2025 section 9.1.6 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

IT

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. The amendment to Article 7 of Italy’s inheritance-tax law published in 2024 records these rates: 4% on each spouse or direct-line beneficiary’s net share above €1 million; 6% on each sibling’s net share above €100,000; 6% for the other specified relatives and relatives by marriage; and 8% for other beneficiaries. Qualifying disability has a €1.5 million threshold, with statutory reductions and deductions where their conditions are met. Application of this version to a particular date of death requires a separate check. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context it_2025_law — https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:100.000 euro: 6 per cento Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context it_2025_law — https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. 3. Sull'imposta determinata a norma dei commi 1 e 2 si applicano, quando ne ricorrono i presupposti, le riduzioni e le detrazioni stabilite negli articoli 25 e 26. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:altri soggetti: 8 per cento Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context it_2025_law — https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticoloDefault/originario?atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00157&atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-02&atto.tipoProvvedimento=DECRETO+LEGISLATIVO h) l'articolo 7 e' sostituito dal seguente: «Art. 7 (Determinazione dell'imposta).- 1. I trasferimenti di beni e diritti per causa di morte sono soggetti all'imposta con le seguenti aliquote applicate sul valore complessivo netto dei beni e dei diritti devoluti: a) a favore del coniuge e dei parenti in linea retta sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 1.000.000 di euro: 4 per cento; b) a favore dei fratelli e delle sorelle sul valore complessivo netto eccedente, per ciascun beneficiario, 100.000 euro: 6 per cento; c) a favore degli altri parenti fino al quarto grado e degli affini in linea retta, nonche' degli affini in linea collaterale fino al terzo grado: 6 per cento; d) a favore di altri soggetti: 8 per cento. 2. Se il beneficiario dei trasferimenti e' una persona con disabilita' riconosciuta ai sensi dell'articolo 3, comma 3, della legge 5 febbraio 1992, n. 104, l'imposta si applica esclusivamente sulla parte del valore della quota o del legato che supera l'ammontare di 1.500.000 euro. 3. Sull'imposta determinata a norma dei commi 1 e 2 si applicano, quando ne ricorrono i presupposti, le riduzioni e le detrazioni stabilite negli articoli 25 e 26. 4. Fino a quando l'eredita' non e' stata accettata, o non e' stata accettata da tutti i chiamati, l'imposta e' determinata considerando come eredi i chiamati che non vi hanno rinunziato.»; Locator: Original D.Lgs139/2024 Article1(h), full substituted Article7 paragraphs1–4; no invented commencement Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

ES

Reviewed context is currently unavailable; applicability to the particular case requires separate assessment.

DE

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. German inheritance-tax rates depend on tax class and taxable acquisition: class I is 7–30%, class II 15–43%, and class III 30–50%. Spouses and children have separate allowances; section 16(2) provides for a proportional reduction under limited tax liability. Further exemptions require a separate check; the overall maximum is not a personal rate. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context de_classes — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html § 15 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 15 Steuerklassen (1) Nach dem persönlichen Verhältnis des Erwerbers zum Erblasser oder Schenker werden die folgenden drei Steuerklassen unterschieden: Steuerklasse I: 1. der Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner, 2. die Kinder und Stiefkinder, 3. die Abkömmlinge der in Nummer 2 genannten Kinder und Stiefkinder, 4. die Eltern und Voreltern bei Erwerben von Todes wegen; Steuerklasse II 1. die Eltern und Voreltern, soweit sie nicht zur Steuerklasse I gehören, 2. die Geschwister, 3. Locator: official section Steuerklasse I Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context de_classes — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html die Abkömmlinge der in Nummer 2 genannten Kinder und Stiefkinder, 4. die Eltern und Voreltern bei Erwerben von Todes wegen; Steuerklasse II 1. die Eltern und Voreltern, soweit sie nicht zur Steuerklasse I gehören, 2. die Geschwister, 3. die Abkömmlinge ersten Grades von Geschwistern, 4. die Stiefeltern, 5. die Schwiegerkinder, 6. die Schwiegereltern, 7. der geschiedene Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner einer aufgehobenen Lebenspartnerschaft; Steuerklasse III: alle übrigen Erwerber und die Zweckzuwendungen. Locator: official section Steuerklasse II Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context de_classes — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__15.html die Schwiegerkinder, 6. die Schwiegereltern, 7. der geschiedene Ehegatte und der Lebenspartner einer aufgehobenen Lebenspartnerschaft; Steuerklasse III: alle übrigen Erwerber und die Zweckzuwendungen. (1a) Die Steuerklassen I und II Nr. 1 bis 3 gelten auch dann, wenn die Verwandtschaft durch Annahme als Kind bürgerlich-rechtlich erloschen ist. (2) In den Fällen des § 3 Abs. 2 Nr. 1 und § 7 Abs. 1 Nr. 8 ist der Besteuerung das Verwandtschaftsverhältnis des nach der Stiftungsurkunde entferntest Berechtigten zu dem Erblasser oder Schenker zugrunde zu legen, sofern die Stiftung wesentlich im Interesse einer Familie oder bestimmter Familien im Inland errichtet ist. Locator: official section Steuerklasse III Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context de_allowance — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__16.html § 16 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 16 Freibeträge (1) Steuerfrei bleibt in den Fällen der unbeschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1) der Erwerb 1. des Ehegatten und des Lebenspartners in Höhe von 500 000 Euro; 2. der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 und der Kinder verstorbener Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 400 000 Euro; 3. der Kinder der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 200 000 Euro; 4. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse I in Höhe von 100 000 Euro; 5. der Personen der Steuerklasse II in Höhe von 20 000 Euro; 6. (weggefallen) 7. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:500 000 Euro Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context de_allowance — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__16.html (1) Steuerfrei bleibt in den Fällen der unbeschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1) der Erwerb 1. des Ehegatten und des Lebenspartners in Höhe von 500 000 Euro; 2. der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 und der Kinder verstorbener Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 400 000 Euro; 3. der Kinder der Kinder im Sinne der Steuerklasse I Nr. 2 in Höhe von 200 000 Euro; 4. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse I in Höhe von 100 000 Euro; 5. der Personen der Steuerklasse II in Höhe von 20 000 Euro; 6. (weggefallen) 7. der übrigen Personen der Steuerklasse III in Höhe von 20 000 Euro. (2) In den Fällen der beschränkten Steuerpflicht (§ 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 3) wird der Freibetrag nach Absatz 1 um einen Teilbetrag gemindert. Dieser Teilbetrag entspricht dem Verhältnis der Summe der Werte des in demselben Zeitpunkt erworbenen, nicht der beschränkten Steuerpflicht unterliegenden Vermögens und derjenigen, nicht der beschränkten Steuerpflicht unterliegenden Vermögensvorteile, die innerhalb von zehn Jahren von derselben Person angefallen sind, zum Wert des Vermögens, das insgesamt innerhalb von zehn Jahren von derselben Person angefallenen ist. Die früheren Erwerbe sind mit ihrem früheren Wert anzusetzen. Locator: ErbStG §16(1)–(2), including limited-liability reduction denominator and ten-year period Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context de_rates — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__19.html § 19 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 19 Steuersätze (1) Die Erbschaftsteuer wird nach folgenden Prozentsätzen erhoben: Wert des steuerpflichtigen Erwerbs (§ 10) bis einschließlich … Euro Prozentsatz in der Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 300 000 11 20 30 600 000 15 25 30 6 000 000 19 30 30 13 000 000 23 35 50 26 000 000 27 40 50 über 26 000 000 30 43 50 . (2) Ist im Falle des § 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 ein Teil des Vermögens der inländischen Besteuerung auf Grund eines Abkommens zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung entzogen, ist die Steuer nach dem Steuersatz zu erheben, der für den ganzen Erwerb gelten würde. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context de_rates — https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/erbstg_1974/__19.html § 19 ErbStG - Einzelnorm zurück weiter Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Erbschaftsteuer- und Schenkungsteuergesetz (ErbStG) § 19 Steuersätze (1) Die Erbschaftsteuer wird nach folgenden Prozentsätzen erhoben: Wert des steuerpflichtigen Erwerbs (§ 10) bis einschließlich … Euro Prozentsatz in der Steuerklasse I II III 75 000 7 15 30 300 000 11 20 30 600 000 15 25 30 6 000 000 19 30 30 13 000 000 23 35 50 26 000 000 27 40 50 über 26 000 000 30 43 50 . (2) Ist im Falle des § 2 Absatz 1 Nummer 1 ein Teil des Vermögens der inländischen Besteuerung auf Grund eines Abkommens zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung entzogen, ist die Steuer nach dem Steuersatz zu erheben, der für den ganzen Erwerb gelten würde. (3) Der Unterschied zwischen der Steuer, die sich bei Anwendung des Absatzes 1 ergibt, und der Steuer, die sich berechnen würde, wenn der Erwerb die letztvorhergehende Wertgrenze nicht überstiegen hätte, wird nur insoweit erhoben, als er a) bei einem Steuersatz bis zu 30 Prozent aus der Hälfte, b) bei einem Steuersatz über 30 Prozent aus drei Vierteln, des die Wertgrenze übersteigenden Betrags gedeckt werden kann. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:über 26 000 000 30 43 50 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: official_law Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

GB

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. UK IHT is charged on the deceased’s estate: the standard 40% rate applies to the taxable portion above the £325,000 nil-rate band, subject to further exemptions and reliefs, including a conditional 36% charity rate. For transfers or deaths from 6 April 2025, overseas-asset scope depends on long-term UK residence: generally UK tax residence in each of the previous 10 tax years or in at least 10 of the previous 20. After departure that status can continue for up to 10 tax years, with a shorter period after fewer prior years of residence; special 2025–2026 transitional conditions apply. Trusts have separate rules and exclusions. A UK asset alone does not determine the final liability. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context gb_ltr — https://www.gov.uk/guidance/inheritance-tax-if-youre-a-long-term-uk-resident From 6 April 2025 the domicile and deemed domicile rules were replaced by new long-term UK resident rules. From 6 April 2025, if you are a long-term UK resident, your non-UK (overseas) assets may be subject to Inheritance Tax if you make a transfer of assets or die. You should not follow this guidance if the transfer of assets or the person’s death is before 6 April 2025. Find out more about Inheritance Tax deemed domicile rules . Check if you are a long-term UK resident You are a long-term UK resident in a tax year if you are tax resident in the UK for either: the previous 10 years consecutive years a total of 10 years or more within the previous 20 years When you will not have long-term UK residence You will not be a long-term UK resident if: on 30 October 2024 you did not have UK domicile or deemed domicile status the tax year 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026, you are non-resident you do not return to the UK Leaving the UK as a long-term resident You can still keep long-term UK residence for up to 10 tax years after you leave the UK. This is shorter if you have not lived in the UK for all the previous 20 years. For example, if you previously lived in the UK for: 10 to 13 years, you’ll stop being a long-term UK resident 3 years after you leave 14 years, you stop being a long-term UK resident 4 years after you leave 15 years, you stop being a long-term UK resident 5 years after you leave If you return to the UK after 10 consecutive years of non-residence, the 10 out of 20 years residence test is reset. Only the year you return and future years of residence count towards your UK residence. Leaving the UK as a deemed UK domicile You stop being a long-term UK resident after 3 years of non-residence if: on 30 October 2024 you had deemed UK domicile for the tax year 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026, you are non-resident you do not return to the UK Charging inheritance tax on overseas assets Inheritance Tax is charged on transfers of overseas assets you owned outright, or on death, when you are long-term UK resident. Inheritance Tax will be charged on any overseas assets in a trust you have set-up or added to (even when you were not a long-term UK resident). There will be no Inheritance Tax to pay on your death on trust assets that were: placed in the trust while you were non-UK domiciled overseas on 30 October 2024 overseas on the date of your death or when your rights to the trust ended You should tell trustees when your long-term UK residence status changes as there may be separate trusts charges to pay. Locator: HMRC LTR substantive rule, transition, residence tests, tail and overseas-asset scope Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context gb_trust — https://www.gov.uk/guidance/trusts-and-inheritance-tax Inheritance Tax and settled property The act of putting an asset — such as money, land or buildings — into a trust is often known as ‘making a settlement’ or ‘settling property’ . For Inheritance Tax purposes, each asset has its own separate identity. This means, for example, that one asset within a trust may be for the trustees to use at their discretion and therefore treated like a discretionary trust. Another item within the same trust may be set aside for a disabled person and treated like a trust for a disabled person. In this case, there will be different Inheritance Tax rules for each asset. Even though different assets may receive different tax treatment, it is always the total value of all the assets in a trust that is used to work out whether a trust exceeds the Inheritance Tax threshold and whether Inheritance Tax is due. There are different rules for different types of trust . Inheritance Tax and excluded property Some assets are classed as ‘excluded property’ and Inheritance Tax is not paid on them. However, the value of the assets may be brought in to calculate the rate of tax on certain exit charges and 10 year anniversary charges. Types of excluded property can include: property situated outside the UK — that is owned by trustees and settled by someone who: died before 6 April 2025 and was permanently based outside the UK (not domiciled or deemed domiciled) when making the settlement on or after 6 April 2025 is not a long-term UK resident when the charge happens was not a long-term UK resident when they died on or after 6 April 2025 government securities — known as FOTRA (free of tax to residents abroad) The rules governing excluded property can be complicated. Relevant property Assets in a trust such as money, shares, houses or land are known as ‘relevant property’ . Most property held in trusts counts as relevant property. Inheritance Tax may be due on the assets held within a trust when: they are transferred out of a trust (exit charges) a 10 year anniversary occurs The only exceptions to this rule are when the asset is: in an interest in possession trust and it was put there before 22 March 2006 subject to a ‘transitional serial interest’ made between 22 March 2006 and 5 October 2008 put into an interest in possession trust by the terms of a will or the rules of intestacy set aside for a disabled person set aside for a bereaved minor put into an age ‘18 to 25 trust’ Transfers into trust A transfer of assets into a trust can include buildings, land or money and can be either of the following: a gift made during a person’s life a transfer or transaction that reduces the value of the settlor’s estate (for example an asset is sold to trustees at less than its market value) — the loss to the person’s estate is considered a gift or transfer Work out if Inheritance Tax is due For most types of trust Inheritance Tax is due when you make transfers that total more than the Inheritance Tax threshold of £325,000. You work this out by adding up the value of any transfers (based on the loss in value to the settlor’s estate) and any chargeable gifts made in the previous 7 years by the settlor. Inheritance Tax is due on everything above the threshold. If the trustees pay, the rate of tax is 20%. If the settlor pays the Inheritance Tax instead of the trustee, this means there will be an increased loss from the settlor’s estate. The amount of tax due will therefore increase. These calculations are complex. Death within 7 years of making a transfer If you die within 7 years of making a transfer into a trust your estate will have to pay Inheritance Tax at the full amount of 40%. This is instead of the reduced amount of 20% which is payable when the payment is made during your lifetime. In this case your personal representative — who manages your estate when you die — will have to pay a further 20% out of your estate based on the value of the original transfer. If no Inheritance Tax was due when you made the transfer, the value of the transfer is added to your estate when working out whether any Inheritance Tax is due. If you make a gift into any type of trust but continue to benefit from the gift — for example, you give away your house but continue to live in it — you will pay 20% on the transfer and the gift will still count as part of your estate. These are known as gifts ‘with reservation of benefit’. Find out more about passing on property . This creates a situation where there are 2 possible Inheritance Tax charges if you die: a charge when you transfer the gift into a trust a charge to your estate when you die — because the asset is still considered part of your estate To avoid double taxation, only the higher of these charges is applied — in other words you will never pay more than 40% Inheritance Tax. Gifts into a trust for someone who is disabled You do not have to pay Inheritance Tax immediately if you make a gift to a trust for someone who is disabled but Inheritance Tax may still be due when you die. Find out more about how Inheritance Tax applies to trusts for someone who is disabled. The Inheritance Tax exit charge Inheritance Tax is charged up to a maximum of 6% on assets — such as money, land or buildings — transferred out of a trust. This is known as an ‘exit charge’ and it’s charged on all transfers of relevant property. Locator: HMRC settled/excluded/relevant property and transfer threshold including date-specific conditions Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context gb_iht — https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax Accept additional cookies Reject additional cookies View cookies Hide cookie message Skip to main content GOV.UK Navigation menu Menu Menu Services and information Benefits Births, death, marriages and care Business and self-employed Childcare and parenting Citizenship and living in the UK Crime, justice and the law Disabled people Driving and transport Education and learning Employing people Environment and countryside Housing and local services Money and tax Passports, travel and living abroad Visas and immigration Working, jobs and pensions Government activity Departments Departments, agencies and public bodies News News stories, speeches, letters and notices Guidance and regulation Detailed guidance, regulations and rules Research and statistics Reports, analysis and official statistics Policy papers and consultations Consultations and strategy Transparency Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports Search GOV.UK × Search GOV.UK Search Search GOV.UK Search Home Births, deaths, marriages and care Death and bereavement How Inheritance Tax works: thresholds, rules and allowances Skip contents Contents Overview Passing on a home Rules on giving gifts If you die when you are based outside the UK Overview Inheritance Tax is a tax on the estate (the property, money and possessions) of someone who’s died. There’s normally no Inheritance Tax to pay if either: the value of your estate is below the £325,000 threshold you leave everything above the £325,000 threshold to your spouse, civil partner, a charity or a community amateur sports club You may still need to report the estate’s value even if it’s below the threshold. If you give away your home to your children (including adopted, foster or stepchildren) or grandchildren your threshold can increase to £500,000 . If you’re married or in a civil partnership and your estate is worth less than your threshold, any unused threshold can be added to your partner’s threshold when you die. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:£325,000 threshold Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context gb_iht — https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax If you’re married or in a civil partnership and your estate is worth less than your threshold, any unused threshold can be added to your partner’s threshold when you die. This guide is also available in Welsh (Cymraeg) . Inheritance Tax rates The standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40%. It’s only charged on the part of your estate that’s above the threshold. Example Your estate is worth £500,000 and your tax-free threshold is £325,000. The Inheritance Tax charged will be 40% of £175,000 (£500,000 minus £325,000). The estate can pay Inheritance Tax at a reduced rate of 36% on some assets if you leave 10% or more of the ‘net value’ to charity in your will. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40% Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

US

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. US federal estate tax uses a progressive schedule with a top 40% marginal rate above $1 million of the relevant tax-computation amount. For a decedent who at death was neither US domiciled nor a US citizen for estate-tax purposes, the executor must file Form 706-NA if death-date US-situs assets, the specified gift-tax exemption for gifts made from 9 September through 31 December 1976, and adjusted taxable gifts after 31 December 1976 together exceed $60,000. The ordinary maximum unified credit of $13,000 corresponds to tax on the first $60,000 under the base schedule; treaties, US-territory and expatriation rules and other conditions can change the calculation. Stock issued by a US-law corporation is generally US situs. These are decedent-estate rules, not a personal allowance for a foreign heir. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context us_nrnc — https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/estate-tax-for-nonresidents-not-citizens-of-the-united-states To the taxable estate, add the value of lifetime taxable gifts, beginning with gifts made in 1977, of tangible or intangible property located in the United States that was transferred directly or indirectly, and not included in the gross estate. If the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of the adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000, the executor must file a Form 706-NA for the decedent’s estate. The filing threshold for Form 706-NA is not indexed for inflation. See the Instructions for Form 706-NA for additional information on the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts. The Form 706-NA, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return Estate of nonresident not a citizen of the United States , if required, must be filed within 9 months after the date of death unless an extension of time to file was granted. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:filing threshold of $60,000 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_situs — https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/some-nonresidents-with-us-assets-must-file-estate-tax-returns For estate tax purposes, a citizen of a U.S. possession is not a U.S. citizen. U.S.-situated assets that are subject to estate tax include, for example: Real estate located in the U.S., Tangible personal property (excluding some art), and Stock of corporations organized in or under U.S. law, even if the nonresident held the certificates abroad or registered the certificates in the name of a nominee. Examples of property treated as situated outside the U.S., and therefore not subject to the U.S. estate tax, include certain deposits and debt obligations described in Section 871(g)-(i), bank accounts deposited with a foreign branch of a domestic commercial banking business, and proceeds of life insurance on the life of a nonresident who is not a U.S. citizen. Locator: IRS US-situs examples and complete concluding excluded-property sentence Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Center Kansas City, MO 64999 Part II—Tax Computation Lines 4 and 5 To determine the tentative tax on the amount on line 2 (to be entered on line 5) and the tentative tax on the amount on line 3 (to be entered on line 4), use Table A—Unified Rate Schedule in the version of the Instructions for Form 706 that corresponds to the decedent's date of death. Line 7 Enter the unified credit. The unified credit is allowed for the smaller of the line 6 amount or the maximum unified credit. In general, the maximum unified credit is $13,000. For a citizen of a U.S. territory (see section 2209), the maximum unified credit is the greater of: $13,000, or The product of $46,800 times a fraction. The numerator of the fraction is the part of the gross estate located in the United States (line 1 of Part IV), and the denominator is the entire gross estate wherever located (line 3 of Part IV). If the unified credit is affected by a treaty, see section 2102(b)(3)(A). Locator: addressed_visible_projection:maximum unified credit is $13,000 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na Who Must File The executor must file Form 706-NA if the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000. The gift tax specific exemption refers to the amount allowed for gifts made by the decedent between September 9, 1976, and December 31, 1976, inclusive. The amount of adjusted taxable gifts refers to the amount of adjusted taxable gifts made by the decedent after December 31, 1976. Locator: Form706-NA complete filing formula and historic gift definitions Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na Definitions The following definitions apply in these instructions. United States. The United States means the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Domicile. For estate tax purposes, a person acquires domicile in a place by living there, for even a brief period of time, with no definite present intention of later moving. See Regulations section 20.0-1 for more information. Nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC). For estate tax purposes, a decedent is a nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC) if the decedent is neither domiciled in nor a citizen of the United States at the time of death. A decedent who acquired U.S. citizenship solely by reason of being a citizen of a U.S. territory or by reason of birth or residence within a U.S. territory is not treated as a U.S. citizen. Note. A decedent may be a U.S. resident for income tax purposes yet be considered a nonresident for estate tax purposes. Long-term U.S. resident. A long-term U.S. resident is an individual (other than a U.S. citizen) who has been a lawful permanent resident of the United States (green card holder) for income tax purposes in at least 8 of the last 15 tax years ending with the tax year in which U.S. income tax residency is terminated. For more information, see section 877(e). For information regarding the definition of lawful permanent resident, including circumstances in which the lawful permanent resident status of a treaty resident is considered terminated, see the Instructions for Form 8854, Initial and Annual Expatriation Statement. Executor. An executor is the personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, or administratrix of the decedent’s estate. If no executor is appointed, qualified, and acting in the United States, every person in actual or constructive possession of any of the decedent's property is considered an executor and must file a return. If more than one person must file, it is preferable that they join in filing one complete return. Otherwise, each person must file as complete a return as possible, including a full description of the property and each person's name who holds an interest in it. Executors must provide documentation proving their status. Documentation will vary but may include a certified copy of the will or a court order designating the executor(s). A statement by the executor(s) attesting to their status is insufficient. Expatriate. A decedent is an expatriate if the decedent relinquished U.S. citizenship or terminated long-term residency. Special estate tax rules may apply to decedents who expatriated from the United States prior to death. See Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates , next. Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates Expatriation on or after June 17, 2008. Decedent’s who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, generally are subject to U.S. estate tax in the same manner as all other NRNC decedents. Note. For decedents who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, and were “covered expatriates” as defined in section 877A(g)(1), any bequests or other transfers from the covered expatriate decedent’s estate to a U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary may subject the U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary to the section 2801 tax on the receipt of the gift or bequest. For more information on the section 2801 tax, see section 2801. To avoid the potential for subjecting property to both estate tax (payable by the executor of the covered expatriate decedent's estate) and section 2801 tax (payable by the U.S. citizen or resident receiving the property), any required Form 706-NA should be timely filed. See section 2801(e)(2)(B) and Regulations section 28.2801-3(c)(2) for details. Expatriation after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008. Special estate tax rules under section 2107 apply to determine the value of the decedent’s U.S. taxable estate if the decedent was subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) on the date of death. See the instructions for Line 6a and Line 6b , later. A decedent is subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) (and thus is subject to section 2107), if the decedent expatriated after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008, and also met one of three tests set out under section 877(a). The decedent’s average annual net income tax liability for the 5 tax years ending before the date of expatriation is: $124,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2004, $127,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2005, $131,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2006, $136,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2007, and $139,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2008. The decedent’s net worth was $2 million or more on the date of expatriation. The decedent’s failure to certify on Form 8854 that the decedent complied with all federal tax obligations for the 5 tax years preceding the date of expatriation. The 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) commences when Form 8854 is filed. See section 877, 2107, and 7701(n) as in effect before June 17, 2008, and Form 8854 for additional information regarding the 10-year alternative tax regime. Locator: Form706-NA definitions and special expatriation rules, including distinction from income-tax residence Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_706 — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706 Table A—Unified Rate Schedule Column A Taxable amount over Column B Taxable amount not over Column C Tax on amount in column A Column D Rate of tax on excess over amount in column A $0 $10,000 $0 18% 10,000 20,000 1,800 20% 20,000 40,000 3,800 22% 40,000 60,000 8,200 24% 60,000 80,000 13,000 26% 80,000 100,000 18,200 28% 100,000 150,000 23,800 30% 150,000 250,000 38,800 32% 250,000 500,000 70,800 34% 500,000 750,000 155,800 37% 750,000 1,000,000 248,300 39% 1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Line 1 If you elected alternate valuation on Part III, line 1, enter the amount you entered in the “Alternate value” column of Part V, item 13. Otherwise, enter the amount from the “Value at date of death” column. Line 3b. State Death Tax Deduction You may take a deduction on line 3b for estate, inheritance, legacy, or succession taxes paid on any property included in the gross estate as the result of the decedent’s death to any state or the District of Columbia. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

FR

What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. French inheritance tax depends on kinship and each taxable share: direct-line heirs face a 5–45% progression, siblings 35/45% where the specified exemption does not apply, relatives up to the fourth degree 55%, and other beneficiaries 60%; a spouse or PACS partner is generally exempt. French real estate of a nonresident decedent is within French tax scope, but heir residence, other assets and a treaty may alter the overall reach. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context fr_nexus_dgfip — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/international-particulier/comment-et-ou-declarer-la-succession-en-france Un proche non-résident est décédé et vous êtes un des bénéficiaires de la succession. Retrouvez dans cette partie les démarches que vous devez effectuer. Biens imposables biens situés en France appartenant au défunt ; biens situés en France et à l'étranger si un des héritiers était résident français, 6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années précédant le décès. Quand et où déclarer ? Si décès en France : dans les 6 mois du décès. Si décès à l'étranger : dans les 12 mois du décès. Lieu : Recette des Non résidents (la déclaration doit être accompagnée du paiement). Calcul des droits de succession Les modalités de calcul (abattements et réductions d'impôt) sont celles applicables aux résidents. Documentation utile Consulter les conventions internationales Questions fréquentes Auprès de quel service dois-je payer les droits de succession et selon quelles modalités ? Locator: addressed_visible_projection:6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context fr_nexus_dgfip — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/international-particulier/comment-et-ou-declarer-la-succession-en-france Publié le 24/03/2016, modifié le 05/10/2016 | Lecture 1 minute Imprimer l'article Vous résidez en France. Un proche non-résident est décédé et vous êtes un des bénéficiaires de la succession. Retrouvez dans cette partie les démarches que vous devez effectuer. Biens imposables biens situés en France appartenant au défunt ; biens situés en France et à l'étranger si un des héritiers était résident français, 6 ans au moins au cours des 10 dernières années précédant le décès. Quand et où déclarer ? Si décès en France : dans les 6 mois du décès. Si décès à l'étranger : dans les 12 mois du décès. Lieu : Recette des Non résidents (la déclaration doit être accompagnée du paiement). Calcul des droits de succession Les modalités de calcul (abattements et réductions d'impôt) sont celles applicables aux résidents. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:biens situés en France appartenant au défunt Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context fr_rates — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/questions/comment-dois-je-calculer-les-droits-de-succession Les héritiers en ligne directe : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 8 072€ 5 % Comprise entre 8 072€ et 12 109€ 10 % Comprise entre 12 109€ et 15 932€ 15 % Comprise entre 15 932€ et 552 324€ 20 % Comprise entre 552 324€ et 902 838€ 30 % Comprise entre 902 838€ et 1 805 677€ 40 % Supérieure à 1 805 677€ 45 % Les frères et sœurs : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 24 430€ 35 % Supérieure à 24 430 € 45 % Les parents jusqu’au 4 e degré (inclus) : Taux unique de 55 %. Les autres héritiers : Taux unique de 60 %. Cette réponse vous a-t-elle été utile ? Oui Moyen Non Aucune option n’a été sélectionnée. Pour soumettre votre avis, veuillez sélectionner une option. Merci, votre avis a bien été pris en compte. Avez-vous rencontré une difficulté ? C'est trop compliqué Il manque des informations C'est trop long à lire Cette page ne correspond pas à ma situation La réglementation ne me convient pas Aucune option n’a été sélectionnée. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:Taux unique de 60 % Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context fr_rates — https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/questions/comment-dois-je-calculer-les-droits-de-succession Préambule : cas d’exonération possibles 1/ le conjoint survivant ou le partenaire de PACS est exonéré de droits de succession. 2/ le(s) frère(s) ou sœur(s) du défunt, peuvent également bénéficier d’une exonération de droits de succession lorsque les 3 conditions cumulatives suivantes sont remplies : • être célibataire, veuf(ve), divorcé(e) ou séparé(e) au moment du décès ; • être âgé(e) de plus de 50 ans ou invalide au moment du décès ; • avoir été constamment domicilié avec le défunt pendant les 5 ans ayant précédé le décès. Calcul des droits de succession L'actif net taxable La détermination de l'actif net taxable tient compte de l'actif (inventaire des biens) et du passif (les dettes). Pour déterminer l’actif net taxable, le passif est retranché de l’actif. Cet actif net taxable est réparti entre chaque héritier en fonction de l'ordre des héritiers et en tenant compte des éventuelles donations antérieures, il représente votre actif successoral taxable. Les frais funéraires sont déduits de l'actif de la succession pour un montant de 1 500 €, et pour la totalité de l'actif si celui-ci est inférieur à ce montant. Part taxable Les héritiers peuvent bénéficier d’un abattement personnel en fonction de leur lien de parenté avec le défunt et de leur situation personnelle, à condition qu’ils ne l’aient pas déjà utilisé dans les 15 années précédant le décès. Pour déterminer la part taxable, l’abattement personnel est retranché de l’actif net taxable personnel (cf ci-dessus). Cet abattement est de : 100 000 € pour un enfant, un père ou une mère ; 15 932 € pour un frère ou une sœur ; 7 967 € pour un neveu ou une nièce ; 1 594 € en l’absence d’un autre abattement applicable. Les personnes handicapées remplissant les conditions (précisées dans ce développement du Bulletin Officiel des Finances Publiques ) bénéficieront d’un abattement supplémentaire de 159 325 €. Tarif A cette part taxable est appliquée un tarif qui diffère en fonction de la qualité de l’héritier. En matière de tarification, il est fait application d’un barème progressif. Les héritiers en ligne directe : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 8 072€ 5 % Comprise entre 8 072€ et 12 109€ 10 % Comprise entre 12 109€ et 15 932€ 15 % Comprise entre 15 932€ et 552 324€ 20 % Comprise entre 552 324€ et 902 838€ 30 % Comprise entre 902 838€ et 1 805 677€ 40 % Supérieure à 1 805 677€ 45 % Les frères et sœurs : Part taxable Tarif applicable N'excédant pas 24 430€ 35 % Supérieure à 24 430 € 45 % Les parents jusqu’au 4 e degré (inclus) : Taux unique de 55 %. Les autres héritiers : Taux unique de 60 %. Locator: DGFiP whole answer: spouse/PACS and cumulative sibling exemptions, net estate, allowances and all rate bands Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.

JP

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US estate tax
What is the general inheritance tax context in this jurisdiction? Recorded rules are available; their applicability to this case has not been established. US federal estate tax uses a progressive schedule with a top 40% marginal rate above $1 million of the relevant tax-computation amount. For a decedent who at death was neither US domiciled nor a US citizen for estate-tax purposes, the executor must file Form 706-NA if death-date US-situs assets, the specified gift-tax exemption for gifts made from 9 September through 31 December 1976, and adjusted taxable gifts after 31 December 1976 together exceed $60,000. The ordinary maximum unified credit of $13,000 corresponds to tax on the first $60,000 under the base schedule; treaties, US-territory and expatriation rules and other conditions can change the calculation. Stock issued by a US-law corporation is generally US situs. These are decedent-estate rules, not a personal allowance for a foreign heir. This is general source context. Estate assets, death date, decedent and heir status, kinship, reliefs, treaties and local rules require review; no personal tax is calculated here. not in the sources primary source cited, quotation verified on 2026-10-18 C6 tax context us_nrnc — https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/estate-tax-for-nonresidents-not-citizens-of-the-united-states To the taxable estate, add the value of lifetime taxable gifts, beginning with gifts made in 1977, of tangible or intangible property located in the United States that was transferred directly or indirectly, and not included in the gross estate. If the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of the adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000, the executor must file a Form 706-NA for the decedent’s estate. The filing threshold for Form 706-NA is not indexed for inflation. See the Instructions for Form 706-NA for additional information on the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts. The Form 706-NA, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return Estate of nonresident not a citizen of the United States , if required, must be filed within 9 months after the date of death unless an extension of time to file was granted. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:filing threshold of $60,000 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_situs — https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/some-nonresidents-with-us-assets-must-file-estate-tax-returns For estate tax purposes, a citizen of a U.S. possession is not a U.S. citizen. U.S.-situated assets that are subject to estate tax include, for example: Real estate located in the U.S., Tangible personal property (excluding some art), and Stock of corporations organized in or under U.S. law, even if the nonresident held the certificates abroad or registered the certificates in the name of a nominee. Examples of property treated as situated outside the U.S., and therefore not subject to the U.S. estate tax, include certain deposits and debt obligations described in Section 871(g)-(i), bank accounts deposited with a foreign branch of a domestic commercial banking business, and proceeds of life insurance on the life of a nonresident who is not a U.S. citizen. Locator: IRS US-situs examples and complete concluding excluded-property sentence Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Center Kansas City, MO 64999 Part II—Tax Computation Lines 4 and 5 To determine the tentative tax on the amount on line 2 (to be entered on line 5) and the tentative tax on the amount on line 3 (to be entered on line 4), use Table A—Unified Rate Schedule in the version of the Instructions for Form 706 that corresponds to the decedent's date of death. Line 7 Enter the unified credit. The unified credit is allowed for the smaller of the line 6 amount or the maximum unified credit. In general, the maximum unified credit is $13,000. For a citizen of a U.S. territory (see section 2209), the maximum unified credit is the greater of: $13,000, or The product of $46,800 times a fraction. The numerator of the fraction is the part of the gross estate located in the United States (line 1 of Part IV), and the denominator is the entire gross estate wherever located (line 3 of Part IV). If the unified credit is affected by a treaty, see section 2102(b)(3)(A). Locator: addressed_visible_projection:maximum unified credit is $13,000 Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na Who Must File The executor must file Form 706-NA if the date of death value of the decedent’s U.S.-situated assets, together with the gift tax specific exemption and the amount of adjusted taxable gifts, exceeds the filing threshold of $60,000. The gift tax specific exemption refers to the amount allowed for gifts made by the decedent between September 9, 1976, and December 31, 1976, inclusive. The amount of adjusted taxable gifts refers to the amount of adjusted taxable gifts made by the decedent after December 31, 1976. Locator: Form706-NA complete filing formula and historic gift definitions Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_na — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706na Definitions The following definitions apply in these instructions. United States. The United States means the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Domicile. For estate tax purposes, a person acquires domicile in a place by living there, for even a brief period of time, with no definite present intention of later moving. See Regulations section 20.0-1 for more information. Nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC). For estate tax purposes, a decedent is a nonresident not a citizen of the United States (NRNC) if the decedent is neither domiciled in nor a citizen of the United States at the time of death. A decedent who acquired U.S. citizenship solely by reason of being a citizen of a U.S. territory or by reason of birth or residence within a U.S. territory is not treated as a U.S. citizen. Note. A decedent may be a U.S. resident for income tax purposes yet be considered a nonresident for estate tax purposes. Long-term U.S. resident. A long-term U.S. resident is an individual (other than a U.S. citizen) who has been a lawful permanent resident of the United States (green card holder) for income tax purposes in at least 8 of the last 15 tax years ending with the tax year in which U.S. income tax residency is terminated. For more information, see section 877(e). For information regarding the definition of lawful permanent resident, including circumstances in which the lawful permanent resident status of a treaty resident is considered terminated, see the Instructions for Form 8854, Initial and Annual Expatriation Statement. Executor. An executor is the personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, or administratrix of the decedent’s estate. If no executor is appointed, qualified, and acting in the United States, every person in actual or constructive possession of any of the decedent's property is considered an executor and must file a return. If more than one person must file, it is preferable that they join in filing one complete return. Otherwise, each person must file as complete a return as possible, including a full description of the property and each person's name who holds an interest in it. Executors must provide documentation proving their status. Documentation will vary but may include a certified copy of the will or a court order designating the executor(s). A statement by the executor(s) attesting to their status is insufficient. Expatriate. A decedent is an expatriate if the decedent relinquished U.S. citizenship or terminated long-term residency. Special estate tax rules may apply to decedents who expatriated from the United States prior to death. See Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates , next. Taxation Applicable to Certain Expatriates Expatriation on or after June 17, 2008. Decedent’s who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, generally are subject to U.S. estate tax in the same manner as all other NRNC decedents. Note. For decedents who expatriated on or after June 17, 2008, and were “covered expatriates” as defined in section 877A(g)(1), any bequests or other transfers from the covered expatriate decedent’s estate to a U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary may subject the U.S. citizen or resident beneficiary to the section 2801 tax on the receipt of the gift or bequest. For more information on the section 2801 tax, see section 2801. To avoid the potential for subjecting property to both estate tax (payable by the executor of the covered expatriate decedent's estate) and section 2801 tax (payable by the U.S. citizen or resident receiving the property), any required Form 706-NA should be timely filed. See section 2801(e)(2)(B) and Regulations section 28.2801-3(c)(2) for details. Expatriation after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008. Special estate tax rules under section 2107 apply to determine the value of the decedent’s U.S. taxable estate if the decedent was subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) on the date of death. See the instructions for Line 6a and Line 6b , later. A decedent is subject to the 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) (and thus is subject to section 2107), if the decedent expatriated after June 3, 2004, and before June 17, 2008, and also met one of three tests set out under section 877(a). The decedent’s average annual net income tax liability for the 5 tax years ending before the date of expatriation is: $124,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2004, $127,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2005, $131,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2006, $136,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2007, and $139,000 for decedents who expatriated in 2008. The decedent’s net worth was $2 million or more on the date of expatriation. The decedent’s failure to certify on Form 8854 that the decedent complied with all federal tax obligations for the 5 tax years preceding the date of expatriation. The 10-year alternative tax regime of section 877(b) commences when Form 8854 is filed. See section 877, 2107, and 7701(n) as in effect before June 17, 2008, and Form 8854 for additional information regarding the 10-year alternative tax regime. Locator: Form706-NA definitions and special expatriation rules, including distinction from income-tax residence Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. C6 tax context us_instr_706 — https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i706 Table A—Unified Rate Schedule Column A Taxable amount over Column B Taxable amount not over Column C Tax on amount in column A Column D Rate of tax on excess over amount in column A $0 $10,000 $0 18% 10,000 20,000 1,800 20% 20,000 40,000 3,800 22% 40,000 60,000 8,200 24% 60,000 80,000 13,000 26% 80,000 100,000 18,200 28% 100,000 150,000 23,800 30% 150,000 250,000 38,800 32% 250,000 500,000 70,800 34% 500,000 750,000 155,800 37% 750,000 1,000,000 248,300 39% 1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Line 1 If you elected alternate valuation on Part III, line 1, enter the amount you entered in the “Alternate value” column of Part V, item 13. Otherwise, enter the amount from the “Value at date of death” column. Line 3b. State Death Tax Deduction You may take a deduction on line 3b for estate, inheritance, legacy, or succession taxes paid on any property included in the gross estate as the result of the decedent’s death to any state or the District of Columbia. Locator: addressed_visible_projection:1,000,000 – – – – 345,800 40% Quote checked: 2026-10-18 Source class: regulator Quotation verified against the current source snapshot. Personal applicability and completeness of current law are not established.
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