# Offshore Banking Jurisdictions: Cayman, Jersey, Guernsey, Bermuda

> Trust and fund accounts in Cayman, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man and Bermuda: licences, the £50,000 limits and why structures fall outside them.

Author: Alena Dunaeva — Lawyer, Family Office (https://wiki.private.law/en/authors/dunaeva)
Last modified: 2026-08-30T19:16:00.000Z
Canonical: https://wiki.private.law/en/offshore-banks
Topics: banking
Jurisdictions: global
Product tags: banking, personal-banking
Semantic tags: banking, personal-banking

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A trust holding eight figures, a Cayman fund approaching its first closing, a holding company assembled for a single deal — each needs a bank account. The choice narrows to five jurisdictions that look alike from outside and work very differently inside.

Cayman, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man and Bermuda license banks under separate statutes and compensate depositors on separate terms. Most of those schemes compensate no structure at all — trustee, company or fund — and the gap between "our fiduciary company holds the balance in Jersey" and "in the Isle of Man" is measured in tens of thousands of pounds of guarantee and in an entirely different list of admitted holders.

Folklore reads "offshore bank" as anonymity. The reality is duller: a licensed bank supervised by CIMA, the JFSC, the GFSC, the IOMFSA or the BMA, reporting under CRS since 2017 and servicing structures rather than hiding them.

## Concept

Banking licences in these jurisdictions are split between domestic and international business. The Cayman [Banks and Trust Companies Act \(2025 Revision\)](https://www.cima.ky/upimages/lawsregulations/BanksandTrustCompaniesAct2025Revision_1738876804.pdf), s. 6\(5\), lists six types: "A" licences for banking business within and outside the Islands; "B" licences carrying the restrictions in s. 6\(6\); Restricted "B"; Trust licences; Restricted Trust; and Nominee \(Trust\) licences. Under s. 6\(6\)\(a\) the holder of a "B" licence shall not take deposits from any person resident in the Islands, other than another licensee, or an exempted or an ordinary non-resident company which is not carrying on business in the Islands.

The practical consequence for a reader with an [offshore company](https://wiki.private.law/en/offshore-companies) or a [Cayman fund](https://wiki.private.law/en/cayman-fund): the account is opened by a bank the regulator has expressly barred from retail business where it sits. Such a bank's clientele consists of fiduciary companies, fund administrators, insurers and structures, and the service sits inside the chain between the [trustee](https://wiki.private.law/en/trust-basics), the administrator and the [custodian](https://wiki.private.law/en/securities-custody).

Substance requirements are statutory too. Section 6\(2\) of the Cayman Act requires a principal office in the Islands approved by CIMA and two individuals or a body corporate, resident or incorporated in the Islands, to act as the licensee's agent. The Isle of Man draws its line by class instead: the depositor protection scheme covers only offices of Class 1\(1\) licence holders and does not cover Class 1\(2\) or Class 1\(3\).

## Selection criteria

Comparing these jurisdictions on "reputation" is pointless — all five travelled the same road to transparency. Four criteria do the work.

First, which statute and which regulator apply, and which licence the particular bank actually holds. Second, whether a depositor compensation scheme exists, what its limit is and — decisively — whom it recognises as a depositor. Third, what the account is for, because a fund bank, a trust bank and a bank for everyday residential life are different products. Fourth, how the account looks from the other end of a payment, when the compliance desk at a mainland correspondent unpacks an incoming transfer.

The grid that follows sets out the first two criteria across the five jurisdictions.

| Jurisdiction | Regulator and statute | Compensation scheme | Limit and who counts as a depositor | Typical use |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cayman Islands | CIMA, Banks and Trust Companies Act \(2025 Revision\) | none | no compensation for anyone; the balance is worth whatever the bank's balance sheet is worth | fund account, deal account |
| Jersey | JFSC, Banking Business \(Jersey\) Law 1991; Bank \(Recovery, Resolution and Depositors Compensation\) \(Jersey\) Law 2017 | JDCS, administered by the JRDCA since 1 April 2026 | £50,000 per depositor per Jersey banking group; private individuals, Jersey registered charities, executors of estates; companies and trusts excluded | trust banking, expatriate accounts |
| Guernsey | GFSC, Banking Supervision \(Bailiwick of Guernsey\) Law, 2020 | GBDCS under the 2008 Ordinance \(as amended 2021\) | £50,000 per qualifying depositor per bank, aggregate cap of £100 million over five years; qualifying deposits listed in Schedule 4 | trust and fund banking |
| Isle of Man | IOMFSA, Financial Services Act 2008; DCS Regulations 2010 | DCS, Class 1\(1\) licence holders only | £50,000 for an individual; £20,000 for companies, trusts and charities; client accounts not protected | trusts, pension schemes, insurance |
| Bermuda | BMA, Deposit Insurance Act 2011; Deposit Insurance Rules 2016 | BDIC | BD$25,000 per insured depositor per Scheme Member, Bermuda Dollar deposits only; individuals and a narrow list of small business | resident banking, insurance sector |

The grid makes the real point: three jurisdictions share the same headline figure, while the list of admitted holders differs in each, and that list decides the outcome for a structure.

## Depositor protection: what is actually covered

This is where a Cayman fund and a Jersey trust most often sit in false comfort.

In [Jersey](https://wiki.private.law/en/jersey-guernsey-trust) the [JDCS](https://jrdca.org.je/jdcs) has run on revised rules since 1 April 2026: £50,000 per depositor per banking group, the £100 million five-year cap removed, a seven-working-day payout target, and administration transferred to the JRDCA. The admitted list is set out plainly: private individuals anywhere in the world, Jersey registered charities, individuals holding money for a child's benefit, and administrators or executors of deceased estates. The scheme's own wording leaves no interpretive room — companies and trusts are not covered unless they are Jersey registered charities.

In Guernsey the list is fixed by statute. Schedule 4 to the [2008 Ordinance](https://dcs.gg/media/1090/the-banking-deposit-compensation-scheme-bailiwick-of-guernsey-ordinance-2008-as-amended-2021.pdf) treats a deposit as qualifying only where it is made by the trustee of a retirement annuity trust scheme, a parent for the benefit of his child, a natural person for his own benefit, an administrator or executor of a deceased estate, or a registered charity. An ordinary discretionary trust, a [PTC](https://wiki.private.law/en/ptc) and a corporate holder fall outside that list. The limit is £50,000 per qualifying depositor, with aggregate compensation capped at £100 million in any five-year period and reduced pro rata if claims exceed it.

The Isle of Man is the only one to address structures expressly. The [joint Treasury and IOMFSA guidance](https://www.iomfsa.im/consumer-material/isle-of-man-depositors-compensation-scheme-dcs/) on the DCS Regulations 2010 gives £50,000 to an individual and "a lower level of protection... \(up to £20,000 in total\) for many other types of depositor such as companies, trusts and charities", then adds the decisive caveat: monies held in client accounts are not entitled to protection.

That caveat resolves the confusion this subject usually produces. Segregation of client money by a trust company is a fiduciary duty owed to the beneficiary and a supervisory matter for the GFSC, the JFSC or the IOMFSA. It separates client money from the trustee's own assets and protects it if the trust company itself fails. It creates no insured deposit: where the bank holding the client account fails, segregation does not convert into compensation, and the holder joins the ordinary queue of creditors in the liquidation.

Cayman has no scheme at all. CIMA licenses and supervises, but its regulated-sectors framework contains no compensation mechanism for depositors, and Cayman is absent from the membership of [IADI](https://www.iadi.org/en/about-iadi/organisation/list-of-members/), where Bermuda, the Bahamas and the British Virgin Islands each appear through their own deposit insurance corporation. Absence from IADI does not by itself disprove a scheme — Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man are equally missing from that membership list although schemes exist there; the weight sits on the absence of any compensation mechanism in Cayman legislation and in CIMA's supervisory framework. For anyone holding cash for a [Cayman company](https://wiki.private.law/en/company-cayman) or a fund that means recovery depends on the bank's solvency and on ranking in the liquidation.

Bermuda's scheme exists, and is narrow twice over. [BDIC](https://bdic.bm/), under the Deposit Insurance Act 2011 and the 2016 Rules, pays a maximum of BD$25,000 per insured depositor per Scheme Member and covers Bermuda Dollar deposits only — foreign currency accounts are excluded expressly. The BDIC itself warns that the Fund is not currently adequate to cover the scheme's potential obligations should a Scheme Member fail, and that reaching a sufficient size could take 15 to 20 years. For a holder of [Bermuda residence](https://wiki.private.law/en/bermuda-residence) with a US dollar account that means no cover at all.

## Thresholds and economics

These banks publish almost no thresholds, and importing figures from market surveys is unsafe: each bank sets and revises its own tariffs and minimum balances without notice. The structural reason for the inaccessibility matters more than any single number.

A "B" licence bank has no retail funding by definition — the regulator has barred it from taking deposits from local residents. Its economics therefore rest on servicing structures: administration, custody, foreign exchange and portfolio-secured lending. A retail client with an everyday need brings such a balance sheet KYC cost without matching revenue, which is why the filter excludes him.

The second constraint is compliance at the far end. An offshore structure's account is examined for source of funds by the correspondent bank, and the holder has to disclose the chain up to the beneficial owner. Where operating cash usually sits and where investment cash usually sits is set out in the note on [booking centres](https://wiki.private.law/en/booking-centres); the general mechanics of private service are covered in [private banking](https://wiki.private.law/en/private-banking), and the retail perimeter in the note on [banks](https://wiki.private.law/en/banks).

## Who actually needs this

The first profile is a fund. A Cayman or Guernsey fund needs an account that understands subscriptions and redemptions, works with the administrator and does not query bulk inbound payments from investors. The logic of choosing the form is set out in the note on [funds](https://wiki.private.law/en/funds).

The second is a trust and its trustee. What the bank must supply here is the ability to service a fiduciary structure for years: the [comparison of Jersey, Singapore and New Zealand](https://wiki.private.law/en/jersey-vs-singapore-vs-nz-trust) shows how often the banking side determines the trust jurisdiction itself.

The third is a holding company for a specific transaction, and escrow. A [BVI company](https://wiki.private.law/en/bvi-company) or a Cayman holding vehicle for an M&A deal lives for months, and the account is needed exactly for the life of the deal.

The fourth is an island resident. Anyone who has moved to the [Cayman Islands](https://wiki.private.law/en/cayman-residence) or the [Channel Islands](https://wiki.private.law/en/channel-islands-residence) needs an ordinary local bank, and here the "A" category licences with their retail products do the work.

## Transparency and how the account reads

All five jurisdictions joined the first round of automatic exchange, reporting for 2016. Per OECD data as on 20 May 2026, Cayman sent data to 84 partners for reporting year 2024, Guernsey to 87, the Isle of Man to 86, Jersey to 84 and Bermuda to 80. The mechanics of exchange and what exactly reaches the tax authority of residence are covered in the [CRS](https://wiki.private.law/en/crs-overview) note.

Beneficial ownership registers operate on top of that; access by jurisdiction is examined in the note on [UBO registers](https://wiki.private.law/en/ubo-registers). The practical effect for an account holder is straightforward — being offshore has stopped being a problem in itself, and compliance questions now concern source of funds and the commercial logic of the transactions.

> ⚠️ **Correspondent banking withdrawal.** In the BIS CPMI review of 2011–2019 data, the number of active correspondents worldwide fell by 22%, and by 41% across small island developing states and dependent territories. For an account holder that means longer payment routes and refusals in particular currency corridors.
> **Industry consolidation.** GFSC statistics show the number of banks in Guernsey falling from 35 in March 2012 to 21 in June 2026. A bank's exit forces a structure to move its account, repeat KYC and pause payments.
> **False sense of protection.** Client money segregation at the trustee, custody records and "offshore booking" are no substitute for a compensation scheme; a structure usually has no cover whatsoever.
> **Currency trap.** The Bermuda scheme covers Bermuda Dollars only, so a US dollar or sterling balance in Bermuda is uninsured.

> 🍓 One circumstance decides the choice of an offshore bank: whom the scheme recognises as a depositor, with the size of the limit secondary. The £50,000 in Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man protects a natural person first of all. Companies are covered nowhere but the Isle of Man, and there only up to £20,000. Trusts are not confined to the Isle of Man: Schedule 4 of the Guernsey Ordinance 2008 treats a deposit by the trustee of a retirement annuity trust scheme as a qualifying deposit \(£50,000\), and registered charities are covered in Guernsey and in Jersey on the ordinary £50,000. An ordinary discretionary trust, a PTC and a corporate holder are covered nowhere but the Isle of Man; client accounts are unprotected even there. Cayman has no scheme, and Bermuda's is confined to Bermuda Dollars and BD$25,000. Data as at 27 August 2026.

## Q/A

### Is a trust's balance at a Jersey bank insured?

No. The JDCS covers private individuals, Jersey registered charities, executors of estates and individuals holding money for a child's benefit. Companies and trusts are expressly excluded unless they are Jersey registered charities.

### Where does a structure get any cover at all?

It depends on the structure. A company is covered in the Isle of Man alone, and there only up to £20,000 against £50,000 for an individual. The trustee of a retirement annuity trust scheme in Guernsey, and a registered charity in Guernsey and in Jersey, are covered on the ordinary £50,000 \(Ordinance 2008, Schedule 4; JDCS\). An ordinary discretionary trust and a PTC are covered in neither Jersey nor Guernsey. The Isle of Man client-account caveat then strips protection from money a trustee or administrator holds for a client.

### Is it true that Cayman and Bermuda offer no depositor protection?

Cayman genuinely has no compensation scheme. Bermuda does have one — BDIC under the Deposit Insurance Act 2011 — but it covers Bermuda Dollar deposits only and only up to BD$25,000 per depositor per Scheme Member. A non-resident structure's foreign currency account is outside it.

### How does a "B" licence differ from an "A" licence in Cayman?

An "A" licence holder carries on banking business within and outside the Islands. Section 6\(6\) bars a "B" licence holder from taking deposits from persons resident in the Islands, other than another licensee or an exempted or ordinary non-resident company not carrying on business in the Islands.

### Will an offshore bank report to the tax authority of my country?

Yes, where CRS exchange relationships between the jurisdictions are activated. All five jurisdictions began exchanging in 2017 and, per OECD data as on 20 May 2026, each sends data to between 80 and 87 partners.

### What should I do if the bank closes its retail arm?

Move the account early, ahead of the deadline: repeat KYC for a structure takes months, and running the old and new accounts in parallel keeps payments flowing. Guernsey's bank count fell from 35 to 21 over fourteen years, so the scenario is routine rather than hypothetical.

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## Factual claims

- In Jersey the JDCS has run on revised rules since 1 April 2026: £50,000 per depositor per banking group, the £100 million five-year cap removed, a seven-working-day payout target, and administration transferred to the JRDCA.
- All five jurisdictions joined the first round of automatic exchange, reporting for 2016.

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